高等教育扩张能促进向上社会流动吗?——来自中国高校扩招的证据  

Can the Expansion of Higher Education Promote Upward Social Mobility?Evidence from the Expansion of Chinese Universities

作　　者：徐菁 邵宜航 张子尧 Jing Xu;Yihang Shao;Ziyao Zhang(School of Economics and Management,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031;Center for Research on Innovation and Development,Shanghai University of International Business and Economics,Shanghai 201620;School of Public Finance and Taxation,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学经济管理学院,南昌330031 [2]上海对外经贸大学创新与发展研究中心,上海201620 [3]中南财经政法大学财政税务学院,武汉430073

出　　处：《教育与经济》2024年第3期28-37,共10页Education & Economy

摘　　要：通过构建理论模型,从教育公平和学历信号两个视角分析高等教育扩张对向上社会流动的影响,随后基于1999年我国高校扩招这一“准自然实验”,利用队列双重差分模型展开经验检验。研究表明,高等教育扩张并未缩小高等教育机会的不平等,且高等教育的迅速扩张导致学历的信号功能快速衰减,进而弱化了教育对个人优质职业获得的促进作用。在这两方面影响的综合作用下,高等教育扩张将对向上社会流动产生不利影响。进一步研究发现较低学历、农村家庭、女性这些在劳动力市场中相对弱势的群体更多地受到高等教育扩张的负面影响。By constructing a theoretical model,this paper analyzes the impact of higher education expansion on upward social mobility by changing educational equity and signal functions of degrees.Then,based on the“quasi-natural experiment”of college enrollment expansion policy in 1999,an empirical test is carried out by using the cohort DID model.This research shows that the expansion of higher education has not reduced the inequality of higher education opportunities,and the rapid expansion of higher education has led to a decline in the signal functions of diplomas,which has weakened the promoting effect of education on individual upward mobility.Under the influence of these two aspects,the expansion of higher education will have an adverse impact on upward social mobility.Further study finds that the groups with less education,rural families and female are more affected by the policy.

关 键 词：高等教育扩张 向上社会流动 教育公平 学历信号 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]