宁做“鸡头”不做“凤尾”?——新高考背景下优质高中对学生学业表现的影响  

Is It Better to be“a Big Fish in a Little Pond”than“a Little Fish in a Big Pond”?A Study on the Influence of Elite High Schools on Students Academic Performance under New Scheme of College Entrance Examination

作　　者：马莉萍[1] 冯沁雪 周雪涵 Liping Ma;Qinxue Feng;Xuehan Zhou(Institute of Economics of Education,Peking University,Beijing 100871;Institute of Education,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023)

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育经济研究所,北京100871 [2]南京大学教育研究院,南京210023

出　　处：《教育与经济》2024年第3期47-57,共11页Education & Economy

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“数字化背景下的教育质量评价研究”(22JJD880002)。

摘　　要：基于某新高考省份高中毕业生的大规模问卷调查数据,使用断点回归方法研究进入不同梯队优质高中对学生高考成绩、选科选考及学习投入的影响。研究发现:从学业成绩来看,优质高中并没有显著提升学生的高考成绩;相比在第二梯队优质高中做“鸡头”,勉强进入第一梯队优质高中的“凤尾”学生甚至可能面临成绩损失。从学习行为来看,“鸡头”和“凤尾”学生在选科选考和学习投入方面差异不大;相比非优质高中的“鸡头”,第二梯队优质高中的“凤尾”学生更晚确定选考科目、校内学习投入更少;相比第二梯队优质高中的“鸡头”,第一梯队优质高中的“凤尾”学生的校内学习投入更多、但学习效率更低。本文的研究发现侧面验证了政府部门监管择校、实施教育资源均衡政策的必要性。Using large scale questionnaire survey data from high school graduates in a province that implements the new scheme of college entrance examination,this study examines the impact of elite high schools(including both Tier-1 and Tier-2 high schools)on students academic performance,subject selection,and learning engagement in a fuzzy regression discontinuity design.We find that,overall,participating in elite high schools does not increase the academic performance for students around the cutoff.Students who barely enter Tier-1 high schools perform even worse than their counterparts in Tier-2 high schools.In terms of learning behavior,the differences in subject selection and learning engagement among students around the cutoff are small.Students in Tier-2 high schools tend to decide on their subjects later and spend less time studying on campus compared with their counterparts in non-elite high schools.Students in Tier-1 high schools spend more time studying on campus with lower learning efficiency than their counterparts in Tier-2 high schools.Our findings indirectly verify the necessity of the government supervision of school selection and the implementation of the policy of balancing educational resources.

关 键 词：学业表现 新高考 断点回归 择校 教育资源均衡 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]