科学与欧洲:古典科学观与近代欧洲科学制度的演变——“从跟跑到领跑”系列研究之二  

Science and Europe:The Classical View of Science and the Evolution of Modern European Scientific Institutions

作　　者：赵炬明[1] ZHAO Ju-ming(School of Education,Huazhong University of Science&Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学教育科学研究院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《高等教育研究》2024年第1期68-97,共30页Journal of Higher Education

摘　　要：回溯近代欧洲科学发展史,有三个问题值得探讨:一是古希腊哲学对近代古典科学观的影响,二是近代欧洲科学制度演变,三是当代欧洲的科学复兴梦。最后得到五个结论:(1)源于古希腊哲学的古典科学观认为,科学知识应满足客观性、必然性、普遍性和系统性四个特点。(2)今天所有的科学组织和科学制度都有其近代来源。(3)二战后资源规模对科学发展有决定性影响,单个欧洲国家不再像过去有显著意义。(4)社会需要是促进科学发展的基本条件和动力。(5)制度惯性和制度创新是科学制度发展的两种基本形态。This article mainly focuses on three issues:the influence of ancient Greek philosophy on modern classical scientific views;the evolution of modern European scientific systems;and the dream of scientific renaissance of contemporary Europe.And finally it draws five conclusions:the classical scientific view derived from ancient Greek philosophy believes that scientific knowledge should meet the four characteristics:objectivity,inevitability,universality and systematicity;all today’s scientific organizations and scientific systems have their European origin;after 1945,the scale of resources for science and technology development has a decisive impact on scientific development;social needs are the basic conditions and driving forces to promote scientific development;there are two basic forms of scientific institution development:the institutional inertia verse institutional innovation.

关 键 词：欧洲 科学 科学观 科学组织与制度 研究型大学 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学] G649[文化科学—教育学]