荣昌猪和杜洛克猪猪皮营养组成比较分析  

Comparative Analysis of Nutritional Components between Rongchang and Duroc Pig Skin

作　　者：李文娟[1] 徐兰梦 章杰[2] 廖勤丰[1] 李龙娇 张廷焕 郭宗义[3,4] 何航 LI Wenjuan;XU Lanmeng;ZHANG Jie;LIAO Qinfeng;LI Longjiao;ZHANG Tinghuan;GUO Zongyi;HE Hang(College of Animal Science and Technology,Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College,Chongqing 404155,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Southwest University,Chongqing 402460,China;Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences,Chongqing 402460,China;National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs,Chongqing 402460,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆三峡职业学院动物科技学院,重庆404155 [2]西南大学动物科学技术学院,重庆402460 [3]重庆市畜牧科学院,重庆402460 [4]国家生猪技术创新中心,重庆402460

出　　处：《肉类研究》2024年第5期21-26,共6页Meat Research

基　　金：重庆市教委科研项目(KJQN202103507,KJQN202203501,KJZD-K202203502);重庆市万州区科技计划项目(wzstc-2021009)。

摘　　要：采用国家标准方法分析荣昌猪和杜洛克猪猪皮的基础营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸,并对其进行营养评价。结果表明:荣昌猪和杜洛克猪猪皮基础营养成分差异不显著(P>0.05);2种猪皮均检出4种饱和脂肪酸(saturated fatty acid,SFA)和5种不饱和脂肪酸(unsaturated fatty acid,UFA)(包含3种单不饱和脂肪酸和2种多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA)),且荣昌猪猪皮豆蔻酸、棕榈酸和花生酸含量显著高于杜洛克猪猪皮(P<0.05),硬脂酸、二十碳一烯酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量则显著低于杜洛克猪猪皮(P<0.05);2种猪皮均鉴定出17种氨基酸,其中荣昌猪猪皮缬氨酸和亮氨酸含量显著高于杜洛克猪猪皮(P<0.05),酪氨酸含量显著低于杜洛克猪猪皮(P<0.05);此外,荣昌猪猪皮缬氨酸和亮氨酸氨基酸评分和化学评分、必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值、必需氨基酸与氨基酸总量比值、高胆固醇血症指数、动脉粥样硬化指数及血栓形成指数显著高于杜洛克猪猪皮(P<0.05),并且必需氨基酸指数略高于杜洛克猪猪皮(P>0.05),而ΣPUFA、ΣUFA/ΣSFA、ΣPUFA/ΣSFA显著低于杜洛克猪猪皮(P<0.05)。综上,猪皮富含蛋白质和脂肪,可作为饲料蛋白质脂肪来源,根据其营养特点开发新型食品或作为营养补剂,但其氨基酸构成不合理,脂肪酸组成不平衡。相比之下,荣昌猪猪皮具有较高氨基酸营养价值,杜洛克猪猪皮具有较高脂肪酸营养价值。The national standard methods were used to analyze and compare the routine nutrients,amino acids and fatty acids of Rongchang and Duroc pig skin and to evaluate their nutritional quality.The results showed that the difference in routine nutrient composition between Rongchang and Duroc pig skin was not significant(P>0.05).Four saturated fatty acids(SFA),3 monounsaturated fatty acids and 2 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)were detected in pig skin from each breed.Rongchang pig skin contained significantly more cardamom acid,palmitic acid and arachidic acid but less stearic acid,eicosapentaenoic acid,linoleic acid and linolenic acid compared to Duroc pig skin(P<0.05).Altogether,17 amino acids were identified in pig skin from each breed,the contents of valine and leucine being significantly higher and the content of tyrosine being significantly lower in Rongchang Duroc pig skin than in Duroc pig skin(P<0.05).In addition,the amino acid scores(AAS)and chemical scores(CS)for valine and leucine,the ratio of total essential to total non-essential amino acids(ΣEAA/ΣNEAA),the ratio of total essential to total amino acids(ΣEAA/TAA),hypercholesterolemia index(HI),atherosclerosis index(AI)and thrombosis index(TI)were significantly higher(P<0.05),essential amino acid index(EAAI)was slightly but not significantly higher(P>0.05),and total PUFA(ΣPUFA),and the ratio of total unsaturated to total SFA(ΣUFA/ΣSFA),and the ratio ofΣPUFA/ΣSFA was significantly lower in Rongchang pig skin than in Duroc pig skin(P<0.05).In summary,pig skin is rich in protein and fat and can be used as a source of feed protein and fat,as well as developed into new types of food or a nutritional supplement according to its nutritional characteristics.Rongchang pig skin has a high nutritional value in terms of amino acids,and Duroc pig skin in terms of fatty acids.

关 键 词：猪皮 脂肪酸 氨基酸 营养评价 

分 类 号：S872[农业科学—畜牧兽医]