中日语言前置表现对比研究  

A Contrastive Study on“Pre-expressions”between Chinese and Japanese

作　　者：常智利 CHANG Zhili(School of Foreign Languages,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan,Anhui 232001,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学外国语学院,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《安徽理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期37-42,共6页Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology:Social Science

基　　金：安徽理工大学人才引进科研启动金项目:中日两国语言中“前置表现”的比较研究(13210568)。

摘　　要：文章设置7个特定场面和1个非特定场面,对中日语言中的前置表现进行了实例对比分析,总结出两国语言在前置表现使用上的异同。相同之处:中日语言中存在的前置表现均能体现信息传达者对信息接受者的某种关照,并且「对传达性」关照型前置表现的使用频率均高于「对人」关照型。不同之处:汉语中前置表现的使用频率不及日语。汉语中前置表现的使用频率不及日语的原因,从文化角度来看是因为二者文化特征不同:日本人重视“内”与“外”,形成的是委婉文化,表达情感时讲究委婉;而中国人既重视传统礼仪也喜欢直来直去,表达情感时还存在一定的“默认一致”心理倾向。从语言角度来看是因为二者语言类型不同:日语属于黏着语,前置表现中经常使用的「ガ/ケド节」在语言表达中起着重要作用;而汉语属于孤立语,其孤立语的特性决定了汉语前置表现的表达形式没有日语统一性高,定型化表达也没有日语多。The article examines seven specific scenarios and one non-specific scenario,conducting a comparative analysis of preposing expressions in Chinese and Japanese languages.It summarizes the similarities and differences in the use of preposing expressions in the two languages.A commonality is that preposing expressions in both languages can reflect the communicator′s consideration for the recipient of information,and the probability of using“conveyance-oriented”preposing expressions is higher than“person-oriented”ones.Regarding differences,the article analyzes from both a“cultural perspective”and a“linguistic perspective.”It suggests that the lower usage rate of preposing expressions in Chinese compared to Japanese can be attributed to cultural and linguistic factors.From a cultural perspective,the differences arise due to the distinct cultural characteristics of the two nations:Japan emphasizes an“indirect”and“polite”communication style,while China values both etiquette and straightforwardness.Additionally,there is a tendency for“a tacit understanding”in Chinese culture.From a linguistic perspective,the article attributes the difference to the language types of Chinese and Japanese.Japanese,an agglutinative language,frequently uses the ga/kedo particles in preposing expressions which play a crucial role in language expression.In contrast,the isolating nature of the Chinese language determines that its preposing expressions lack the high uniformity found in Japanese,and there is less standardization in its expressions.

关 键 词：前置表现 日语 汉语 对比 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语]