“全纳教育”概念再辨析  

Rethinking the Concept of"Inclusive Education"

作　　者：李尚卫 LI Shangwei(Special Education Research Center,Hainan Normal University,Haikou,Hainan,571158,China)

机构地区：[1]海南师范大学特殊教育研究中心,海南海口571158

出　　处：《教育与教学研究》2024年第7期111-128,共18页Education and Teaching Research

基　　金：海南省社科联2020年规划课题“海南省学前融合教育模式探索”(编号:HNSK(YB)20-32)。

摘　　要：“全纳教育”是联合国教科文组织20世纪90年代在反思隔离式教育、融合教育中排斥现象的基础上提出的新理念。经过30多年探索,各国不断完善政策法律体系、优化管理体制与机制、深化理论研究与实践创新,建立了比较成熟的全纳教育体系,有效地促进了有无特殊需要儿童的健康成长。目前,各国学者十分关注全纳教育理论与实践动态,不过仍有学者误译或误解国际组织及相关学者的全纳教育观,对全纳教育的广泛推行产生了不良影响。文章从教育起源、对象、场所、影响、目标等方面梳理国内外学者对全纳教育内涵的理解,并基于全纳教育的词源义与国际组织的共识,提出“全纳教育”就是为所有学习者包括特殊需要或障碍个体提供公平、适宜、优质的教育,是未来特殊教育甚或所有教育形态的目标追寻。"Inclusive education"is a new concept proposed by the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)in the 1990s,stemming from a reflection on the exclusionary practices within segregated and integrated education.After more than 30 years of exploration,countries worldwide have continuously improved their policy and legal systems,optimized management systems and mechanisms,deepened theoretical research and practical innovation,established relatively mature inclusive education systems,and effectively promoted the healthy growth of children,whether or not they have special needs.At present,scholars worldwide are closely monitoring the dynamics of inclusive education theory and practice.However,there are still instances where scholars misinterpret or misunderstand the perspectives of international organizations and related scholars on inclusive education.This has led to adverse effects on the widespread implementation of inclusive education.The article systematically reviews the understanding of the essence of inclusive education by domestic and international scholars,covering aspects such as its origins,subjects,settings,impacts,and objectives.Based on the etymology of inclusive education and the consensus of international organizations,the article proposes that"inclusive education'is the pursuit of providing fair,appropriate,and high-quality education for all learners,including individuals with special needs or disabilities,and will be the goal pursuit of special education or even all education forms.

关 键 词：全纳教育 特殊需要 障碍 

分 类 号：G760[文化科学—特殊教育学]