司法干预、财政均衡与学校发展:重构教育权利公平的塞拉诺之路——美国加州塞拉诺诉普利斯特案释义  

Judicial Intervention,Fiscal Balance and School Development:Reimagining Serrano’s Path to Educational Equity——Interpretation of Meaning of Serrano Case in California

作　　者：万驰 王晨[2] Wan Chi;Wang Chen(College of Education,Fuyang Normal University,Fuyang,Anhui,236037,China;Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing,100875,China)

机构地区：[1]阜阳师范大学教育学院,安徽阜阳236037 [2]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《教育科学探索》2024年第3期95-102,共8页THE SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION OF EDUCATION

摘　　要：财政公平是教育公平的重要构成内容。如何构建公平的基础教育财政体系以满足不同的教育需求,不仅是中国特色社会主义新时期教育建设的重大任务之一,也是美国自上世纪六十年代以来教育研究的高频议题。1971年,美国加州最高法院对塞拉诺诉普利斯特案作出判决:过度依赖地方财产税的州公共学校财政体系,违背了州和联邦宪法的平等保护权条款。这是有史以来州最高法院首次应用宪法的平等保护条款来处理学校财政不公平问题,该判决引发了美国全国范围的教育财政公平诉讼浪潮和公立学校财政改革运动。在追求教育财政公平的诉讼中,教育权利的观念发生了变革,学校、财政、司法等多元主体共同编织了教育权利公平的新内涵。而观念变革的背后展现了人们如何通过教育改革来重构社会秩序的意识和行动。Financial equity is an important component of educational equity.How to build a fair basic education financial system to meet different educational needs is not only one of the major tasks of China’s education construction in the new era of socialism,but also a high-frequently topic in education research in the United States since the 1960s.In 1971,the California Supreme Court ruled in Serrano v.Priest that a state public school fiscal system that relied too heavily on local property taxes violated the equal protection provisions of state and federal constitutions.This is the first time that a state Supreme Court has applied the Constitution’s Equal Protection Clause to address school fiscal inequities.The ruling sparked a nation-wide wave of education fiscal fairness lawsuits and a movement for public school fiscal reform.The perception of the right to education has changed in litigation in pursuit of financial equity in education;Schools,finance,justice and other diverse subjects have jointly woven a new connotation of educational equity.The conceptual change shows how people’s consciousness and action can reconstruct social order through educational reform.

关 键 词：教育公平 塞拉诺案 财产税 诉讼 

分 类 号：G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]