告别民族主义批评:博尔赫斯的中国书写及其世界主义文学思想研究  

Farewell to nationalist criticism:Borges's writing on China and his cosmopolitan literary thought

作　　者：侯健[1] Hou Jian

机构地区：[1]西安外国语大学欧洲学院

出　　处：《西安外国语大学学报》2024年第2期114-119,共6页Journal of Xi’an International Studies University

基　　金：2022年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“拉美文学汉译批评研究(1979—2022年)”(项目编号:22YJCZH053);陕西省教育厅2022年度重点科研计划项目哲社重点研究基地项目“冷战背景下的拉丁美洲‘文学爆炸’研究”(项目编号:22JZ053)和西安外国语大学2022年研究生教育综合改革研究与实践项目“‘一带一路’背景下西班牙语专业研究生汉语—西班牙语文学互译的研究与实践”(项目编号:22XWYJGA19)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：博尔赫斯是在中国影响力最大、也是公认与中国文化联系最密切的拉丁美洲作家之一。然而长久以来,在民族主义批评倾向的引导下,国内学界对博尔赫斯存在着三重误读:1)认为其对中国的了解都来自译文;2)认为其笔下的中国形象玄奥难解;3)认为其刻画的中国只是西方视角下的“他者”形象。本文认为,在对中国的认识和理解方面,对博尔赫斯影响最大的是他亲自译成西班牙语的亨利·米修的《一个野蛮人在亚洲》,由译到写,他继承了米修对中国的理解,并试图在《小径分岔的花园》中通过人、景、物全景式地展现中国文化及思想,也借此凸显了他世界主义文学的思想理念,他笔下的中国是具有积极意义的“他者”。改变上述误读是学界在后理论时代进行外国文学研究的必经之路。Jorge Luis Borges is one of the most influential Latin American writers in China,and is also recognized as one of the Latin American writers with the closest ties to Chinese culture.However,for a long time,guided by the tendency of nationalist criticism,many Chinese literary critics have had a triple misinterpretation of Borges:1)they believe that his understanding of China only comes from translations;2)his image of China is mysterious and difficult to comprehend;and 3)his portrayal of China is only an image of the Other from a Western point of view.This paper argues that in terms of his knowledge and understanding of China,Borges is most influenced by his translation of Un barbare en Asie into Spanish,and that he has inherited Henri Michaux's understanding of China from his translation to his writing,and tries to present a panoramic view of Chinese culture and thought through people,scenery and objects in El jardin de los senderos que se bifurcan,which also emphasizes his ideology of cosmopolitan literature,and that China under his writing is a positive"Other".Changing the above misinterpretations is a necessary way for the academia to conduct foreign literature research in the post-theoretical era.

关 键 词：博尔赫斯 民族主义批评 文学翻译 中国书写 世界主义 

分 类 号：I783.074[文学—其他各国文学]