利用声强比衰减原理探究角位移法声源定位系统  

Exploring the Angular Displacement Method for Sound Source Localization System Using the Sound Intensity Ratio Attenuation Principle

作　　者：陈水桥[1] 郭红丽 王鲲[1] CHEN Shuiqiao;GUO Hongli;WANG Kun(School of Physics,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学物理学院,浙江杭州310027

出　　处：《大学物理实验》2024年第3期33-39,共7页Physical Experiment of College

基　　金：2023年浙江大学本科生院创新实践项目(2023-13);浙江省高等教育学会2023年度高等教育研究课题(KT2023053);2022年浙江大学物理学院教学改革项目(2022-2)。

摘　　要：设计了一种利用声强衰减规律进行三维声源定位的实验方法,声源定位主要通过测量声源相对探源中心的距离、方向和高度实现。利用声强比呈对数衰减的原理,推导了声波强度在空气中的衰减规律与声源距离的关系式;设计了一种角位移法测量声源方向,并给出了角位移大小与声强比到达峰值时的时间之间的关系式;通过电控升降平台,测定了声源到参考平台水平面的高度。并制作了在1立方米范围内的三维声源定位实验装置,实验结果表明,本实验装置在二维平面内,声源距离测量的最大相对误差为2.3%,方位角测量的最大误差为1.6°;在三维空间内,声源距离测量的最大相对误差为2.9%,高度测量的最大相对误差为4.9%,方位角测量的最大误差为0.8°,通过实验证明了本实验系统定位效果较好。We have designed an experimental method for three-dimensional sound source localization using the attenuation law of sound intensity.Sound localization is mainly achieved by measuring the distance,direction,and height of the sound source relative to the exploration center.Using the principle of logarithmic attenuation of sound intensity ratio,the relationship between the attenuation law of sound intensity in air and the distance from the sound source was derived;A angular displacement method was designed to measure the direction of sound sources,and the relationship between the magnitude of angular displacement and the time when the sound intensity ratio reaches its peak was given;The height of the sound source to the horizontal plane of the reference platform was measured using an electronic control lifting platform.And a three-dimensional sound source positioning experimental device was made within a range of 1 cubic meter.The experimental results showed that the maximum relative error of the sound source distance measurement in the two-dimensional plane was 2.3%,and the maximum error of the azimuth measurement was 1.6°;In three-dimensional space,the maximum relative error of sound source distance measurement is 2.9%,the maximum relative error of height measurement is 4.9%,and the maximum error of azimuth measurement is 0.8°.It has been proven through experiments that the positioning effect of this experimental system is good.

关 键 词：声源定位 声强比 角位移法 

分 类 号：O423[理学—声学]