载瓦语母语者普通话声调感知研究  

A Categorical Perceptual Study on Mandarin Tones by Zaiwa Language Speakers

作　　者：陆尧[1] LU Yao

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国语言学研究中心/北京大学语言学实验室/北京大学中文系,北京100871

出　　处：《语言学论丛》2024年第2期129-139,共11页Essays on Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中华民族语言文字接触交融研究”(22ZD&213);北京大学引导专项“国家通用语言感知研究”(7101303305)的支持。

摘　　要：普通话是我国的国家通用语言,然而,不同民族母语者在习得普通话声调的过程中,由于各自母语声调系统或音位系统的影响,会遇到一定的困难。本文通过语音感知实验,研究了载瓦语母语者习得普通话声调系统的过程,并与普通话母语者感知结果进行了对比,探讨了载瓦语母语者建立普通话声调系统的困难和内在规律。研究结果显示载瓦语母语声调系统密切影响对汉语普通话声调的感知:1)载瓦语母语被试对普通话大部分声调对立组的感知范畴化程度小于普通话母语被试;2)载瓦语母语被试在行为学意义上对T2-T3(T2母本)、T3-T4(T4母本)声调对立组的感知模式是连续感知,对其他各声调对立组的感知模式是范畴感知,且在合成母本为带有紧音性质的T3时完全无法区分T2和T3这两个声调音位范畴;3)声调的基频模式和发声类型是载瓦语母语被试感知普通话声调系统的两个重要的声学特征,如果发声类型缺失,就会影响对普通话声调的感知。以上研究表明,除了基频模式,声调中的发声类型对二语声调感知与习得也具有重要的语言学意义。Mandarin is the national language of our country.However,it is difficult for many speakers with ethinic language backgrounds to learn the tones of Mandarin.This paper intends to investigate how the speakers of the Zaiwa language perceive Mandarin tones.Identification and discrimination experiments were conducted of the four Mandarin tone continuums with Zaiwa language speakers.The results suggest that Zaiwa speakers cannot establish a categorical perception for the continua of T2-T3(T2)and T3-T4(T4);nor are they able to clearly divide the T2-T3 continuum into two phoneme categories when the original synthesis sample was T3.On the other hand,they perceive other continua categorically,although the degree of categorization is much weaker than that observed with native Mandarin speakers.The above findings suggest that phonation and FO should be considered crucial cues for the categorical perception of tone.Lack of phonation greatly affects the perception of Mandarin tones.This finding is enlightening.The above research indicates that,in addition to the fundamental frequency,the phonation type also holds significant linguistic significance for the perception and acquisition of second language tones.

关 键 词：普通话声调 载瓦语声调 感知范畴 声调习得 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]