“双减”政策短期效果评估:基于中国教育财政家庭调查的分析  

The Short-term Effects of the“Double Reduction”Policy:Evidence from the China Institute for Educational Finance Research-Household Survey(CIEFR-HS)

作　　者：魏易 康乐 WEI Yi;KANG Le

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国教育财政科学研究所,北京100871 [2]南京大学教育研究院,南京210023

出　　处：《北京大学教育评论》2024年第1期155-173,192,共20页Peking University Education Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十四五”规划2021年度教育学一般课题(BFA210073)。

摘　　要：中小学生学业负担是我国基础教育领域的重要政策议题。2021年7月“双减”政策颁布,对校外培训的监管力度持续加强,减负再度成为政策焦点。本文使用中国教育财政家庭调查数据,对“双减”政策的短期效果进行初步评估发现:首先,“双减”实施之后一学年,中小学生校外学科类培训的参与率较上一学年显著下降,非学科类培训的参与率没有显著变化;相应地,家庭在子女校外学科类培训方面的支出较上一学年显著下降,而校外非学科类培训的支出没有显著变化。其次,从不同经济水平的家庭受到的影响来看,“双减”政策影响的主要是家庭消费水平在40%~60%和60%~80%的中等偏上家庭,对家庭消费水平在40%以下和80%以上的家庭没有显著影响。再次,“双减”政策实施之后,家庭开始转向选择校内课后服务、尤其是校内的托管和学科补习,兴趣类课后服务没有显著变化。当前应正视家庭对校外培训的合理需求,引导校外培训合理规范发展;也应考虑到政策对不同群体的影响存在差异,保证弱势群体享受教育资源的权利。The academic burden of primary and secondary school students is an important policy issue in compulsory education in China.The introduction of the“double reduction”policy in July 2021,with heightened regulations on extracurricular training,has re-emphasized the need to alleviate this burden.This study presents the evaluation of the policy's short-term effects using data from the China Institute for Educational Finance Research–Household Survey(CIEFR-HS).Findings indicate a significant decrease in participation rates in subject tutoring outside school among primary and secondary school students after policy implementation,with no significant changes in non-subject tutoring participation.Household expenditures on subject tutoring also notably decreased,while non-subject tutoring expenditures remained stable.Further analysis revealed that the policy predominantly affected middle-upper-income families,with no significant impact on lower or higher-income households.Furthermore,post-policy implementation,families turned to on-campus after-school services,particularly childcare(tuoguan)and subject tutoring,while interest-based services remained unchanged.Currently,policies should acknowledge families'legitimate demand for supplementary tutoring and guide its rational and standardized development while ensuring equitable access to educational resources for vulnerable groups.

关 键 词：“双减”政策 校外培训 校内课后服务 

分 类 号：G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]