不同时期干旱对淀粉型甘薯产量形成及淀粉糊化特性的影响  

Effects of Drought in Different Periods on Yield Formation and Starch Gelatinization Characteristics of Starchy Sweet Potato

作　　者：陈碧伟 鞠玺凯 孙一鸣 李清华 刘庆[1] 曾路生[1] Chen Biwei;Ju Xikai;Sun Yiming;Li Qinghua;Liu Qing;Zeng Lusheng(College of Resources and Environment,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,Shandong,China;Qingdao Shengtang Agricultural Technology Limited Company,Qingdao 266109,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109 [2]青岛晟唐农业科技有限公司,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《作物杂志》2024年第3期141-147,共7页Crops

基　　金：国家甘薯产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-10);青岛农业大学高层次人才资金(20210059)。

摘　　要：以淀粉型甘薯品种商薯19号和烟薯29号为试验材料,在控水条件下分别设置发根分枝期(前期)、薯蔓并长期(中期)、块根膨大期(后期)干旱和全生育期正常浇水(对照)4个水分处理,研究不同时期干旱对淀粉型甘薯产量形成及淀粉糊化特性的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,不同时期干旱处理商薯19号地上部生物量分别降低35.7%、18.7%和11.4%,地下部生物量分别降低55.4%、36.1%和20.8%;烟薯29号地上部生物量分别降低47.4%、20.9%和13.8%,地下部生物量分别降低60.2%、49.9%和15.1%。与对照相比,不同时期干旱对甘薯块根造成不同程度的减产,商薯19号薯干产量分别降低14.3%、1.8%和3.6%,烟薯29号分别降低20.0%、6.9%和5.7%。不同时期干旱胁迫会降低薯块淀粉率和提升薯块的干物率,块根膨大期干旱处理干物率最高,与对照相比,商薯19号和烟薯29号分别提升了10.6%和8.7%。发根期干旱处理淀粉率最低,与对照相比,商薯19号和烟薯29号分别降低了11.8%和16.4%。不同时期干旱胁迫影响淀粉糊化特性值,中后期干旱能一定程度提升糊化参数,改善淀粉品质,但随着干旱持续会显著降低淀粉糊化参数。In order to study the effects of drought treatment in different periods on the yield formation and starch gelatinization characteristics of starchy sweet potatoes,four different periods of drought were set up under controlled water conditions for the starchy sweet potato varieties Shangshu 19 and Yanshu 29,the root development and branching period(early stage),the vine development period(middle stage),the tuber expansion period(late stage)and normal watering during the whole reproductive period(CK).The results showed that the shoot biomass of Shangshu 19 were reduced by 35.7%,18.7%and 11.4%,respectively,and the root biomass were reduced by 55.4%,36.1%and 20.8%,respectively,compared with the CK in different periods of drought treatment.The shoot biomass of Yanshu 29 were reduced by 47.4%,20.9%and 13.8%,respectively,and the root biomass were reduced by 60.2%,49.9%and 15.1%,respectively.Compared with the control,drought in different periods made sweet potato yield reduction,the yield of dried sweet potatoes decreased with 14.3%,1.8%and 3.6%for Shangshu 19,and 20.0%,6.9%and 5.7%for Yanshu 29.Drought stress in different periods could reduce the starch yield and increase the dry matter yield,and the dry matter yield of potato was the highest during the root expansion period,which were increased by 10.6%and 8.7%compared with the CK for Shangshu 19 and Yanshu 29,respectively.The starch content of root initiation stage was the lowest,which were 11.8%and 16.4%lower than that of the CK in Shangshu 19 and Yanshu 29,respectively.Drought stress affected starch gelatinization characteristics in different periods,and drought at the middle and late stages could improve starch quality,but persistent drought significantly reduced starch gelatinization parameters.

关 键 词：淀粉型甘薯 干旱时期 产量 淀粉 糊化特性 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]