理想的文学鉴赏何以可能?  

How is Ideal Literary Appreciation Possible?

作　　者：周凹凸 薛富兴[1] ZHOU Ao-tu;XUE Fu-xing(College of Philosophy,Nankai University,Jinnan,Tianjin 300353)

机构地区：[1]南开大学哲学院,天津津南区300353

出　　处：《江南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第3期108-116,共9页Journal of Jiangnan University：Humanities & Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“‘科学认知主义理论’的完善与本土化应用”(23BZX116)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：刘勰《文心雕龙·知音》篇提出一个关于理想性文学鉴赏的理论模型,此模型由以下三个部分构成:首先是理想鉴赏者的两项必备要素--一是大量文学鉴赏感性经验之积累,二是对作品的客观、理性态度;其次是由“六观”组成的完善鉴赏视野系统,此“六观”实由前四观--位体、置辞、通变与奇正构成,后两观属于“置辞”,且以文学作品自身之要素、体裁与存在语境为根本依据;最后,以对文学创作--“情动而辞发”之心理回溯构成的文学鉴赏论--“披文以入情”。刘勰自信的文学鉴赏观实基于儒家对人类语言符号的自信。刘勰的文学鉴赏理论模型实质上是文学鉴赏的专业化、精英化模型,是魏晋时期中国古代文学在创作环节进入专业化和精英化的产物。刘勰持精英立场将此模型视为关于文学鉴赏的唯一恰当模式,然而雅俗共存,而非以雅代俗才是更为合理的文学鉴赏格局。Liu Xie in the chapter Zhi Yin of Wen Xin Diao Long proposes a theoretical model for the ideal literary appreciation.This model is composed of the following three parts:First,the two essential elements for an ideal appreciator are the accumulation of extensive perceptual experience in literary appreciation and an objective,rational attitude towards the work.Second,there is a comprehensive system of appreciation composed of the"Six Views."These"Six Views"are actually composed of the first four views—position,placement,transformation,and Qi or Zheng,with the last two views belonging to"placement",and are fundamentally based on the elements,genre,and context of the literary work itself.Finally,the literary appreciation theory—"wearing the text to enter the emotion"—is constituted by a psychological regression to the literary creation—"emotion stirs and words emerge".Liu Xie's confident view of literary appreciation is actually based on Confucian confidence in human linguistic symbols.Liu Xie's model of literary appreciation is essentially a professional and elitist model of appreciation,a product of the professionalization and elitization of Chinese ancient literature in the creative process during the Wei and Jin dynasties.Liu Xie,holding an elitist stance,regards this model as the only pattern for literary appreciation.However,the coexistence of elegance and vulgarity,rather than vulgarity replaced by elegance,is a reasonable pattern of literary appreciation.

关 键 词：博观 六观 披文入情 自信的鉴赏 雅俗共存 

分 类 号：B83-02[哲学宗教—美学]