有隐与无隐的吊诡相即:海德格尔借由老子解读柏拉图与前苏格拉底思想  

The Paradoxical Sameness of Concealment and Unconcealment:Heidegger's Interpretation of Plato through Laozi and Pre-Socratic Thought

作　　者：何乏笔 Fabian Heubel

机构地区：[1]台湾“中研院”中国文哲研究所,中国台湾

出　　处：《社会科学》2024年第6期28-44,共17页Journal of Social Sciences

摘　　要：老子的溪谷与柏拉图的洞穴是两种不同的哲学意象。透过老子的溪谷意象所指的气化存在论可以重新反思洞穴所指的阳光存在论。假如洞穴是指一种真理机制,溪谷则指另一种真理机制。海德格尔对洞穴寓言的探索开启了对洞穴的道家式解读。更有甚者,在他重构柏拉图及前苏格拉底哲学家的内部结构中,即能观察到其思想道路向道家敞开的趋势。无疑,海德格尔受到老庄哲学的启发,但更重要的是,他对古希腊文献的阅读,内在地与老庄哲学深刻相应。一旦从这样的角度来探索海德格尔的思想格局,就能脱离希腊与中国的比较模式,从而迈向跨文化纠缠的动态交流而发展。在此过程中,希腊语文本的解读显现出汉语哲学的重要命题。海德格尔对此命题的德语表述可以总结为反转共属性。如果借用汉语哲学的传统词汇来表达,则可称之为吊诡相即。The focus of this paper is the relation between two philosophical images:Laozi's"ravine"(gu)and Plato's"cave".From a Daoist perspective,what do the"shadows"in Plato's account of the cave mean?If the cave refers to a regime of truth,does the ravine refer to another regime of truth?I will argue that Heidegger's exploration of the allegory of the cave opens up a Daoist interpretation of the cave.Moreover,in his reconstruction of the internal structure of Plato and the pre-Socratic philosophers,a tendency to open his way of thinking to Daoism can be observed.Undoubtedly,Heidegger was inspired by the philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi,but more importantly,his interpretation of ancient Greek literature,in its internal movement,corresponds profoundly to their philosophy.By exploring Heidegger's thought from this perspective,we can overcome the mode of contrastive comparison between Greece and China,and move towards their transcultural entanglement.In this process,the interpretation of Greek texts reveals an important theme of philosophy in Chinese or Sino-philosophy.Heidegger's German expression of this theme can be summarized as"gegenwendige Zusammengehorigkeit"(belonging together in counterturning).If we borrow a traditional Chinese philosophical term to express this,it can be translated as diaogui xiangji or"paradoxe Selbigkeit"in German and"paradoxical sameness"in English.

关 键 词：海德格尔 老子 柏拉图 希腊哲学 吊诡相即 

分 类 号：B516[哲学宗教—外国哲学]