城市义务教育入学门槛与流动人口子女随迁决策——人口流动新形势下的教育资源空间配置优化  

The “Enrollment Threshold” of Urban Agglomeration and the Decision of Children’s Accompanying Migration——Optimizing the Spatial Allocation of Educational Resources Under the New Situation of Population Flow

作　　者：郑磊[1] 郑逸敏 张重玖 ZHENG Lei;ZHENG Yimin;ZHANG Chongjiu(Faculty of Education/Capital Institute for Economics of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Siming District People’s Government Office of Xiamen Municipality,Xiamen 361003,China;Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部/首都教育经济研究基地,北京100875 [2]厦门市思明区人民政府办公室,福建厦门361003 [3]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《教育学报》2024年第3期126-141,共16页Journal of Educational Studies

基　　金：北京师范大学教育学一流学科培优项目“新时代推动城乡义务教育一体化的资源空间配置优化研究”(YLXKPY-ZYSB202210);“新时代中国各级各类教育经费投入与体制机制创新研究”(YLXKPY-XSDW202208)。

摘　　要：在流动人口向城市群集聚的新形势下,城市群承担着创新公共服务均等化提供机制的重要责任。以长三角城市群为样本,基于政策文本研究各城市针对流动人口随迁子女设置的义务教育入学门槛,并定量分析其对流动人口子女随迁决策的影响。研究发现,各城市以材料准入制和积分入学制两种模式设置入学门槛,其高低并没有呈现从核心城市(上海)到中心城市(南京、杭州等)再到其他城市递减的趋势。义务教育入学门槛与子女随迁之间具有显著的负相关关系,高入学门槛城市比低入学门槛城市的流动人口子女随迁几率低55%,且这种关系在低收入流动人口群体中更加明显。为了构建人口流动新形势下的共享型教育体系,应当优化教育资源的空间配置:在理念上探索城市群教育资源统筹配置的思路,在制度上创新突破行政区划的教育公共服务提供机制,在技术上完善以常住人口为基础的义务教育资源规划布局。Based on the policy text,this paper studies the compulsory education enrollment threshold set by cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration for the children of migrant population,and quantitatively analyzes the impact of the enrollment threshold on the decision of children’s accompanying migration.The study found that cities set the enrollment threshold in two modes:material admission system and the points admission system,and the enrollment threshold did not show a decreasing trend from the core city(Shanghai)to the central city(Nanjing,Hangzhou,etc.)and then to other cities.There is a significant negative correlation between the enrollment threshold and children’s accompanying migration.The probability of children’s accompanying migration in cities with high enrollment threshold is 55%lower than that in cities with low enrollment threshold,and this relationship is more obvious in low-income migrant population groups.To build a shared education system under the new situation of population flow,the spatial allocation of educational resources should be optimized.We should set up the idea of overall allocation of education resources in urban agglomerations,innovate the educational public service provision mechanism in breaking through the administrative divisions,and improve the planning and layout of compulsory education resources based on the permanent population in technology.

关 键 词：城市群 城市义务教育入学门槛 流动人口 子女随迁 教育资源配置 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]