二战后美国学区督导参与教育改革的角色嬗变  

The Role Evolution of the American School Superintendents in Education Reform after World War Ⅱ

作　　者：阎亚军 曹海艳 YAN Yajun;CAO Haiyan(School of Education,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai,200234,China;Faculty Development Center,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai,200093,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学教育学院,上海200234 [2]上海理工大学教师发展中心,上海200093

出　　处：《全球教育展望》2024年第5期93-103,共11页Global Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2020年度教育学国家一般课题“教育改革政策实施中的教育局长与校长博弈研究”(项目编号:BAA200019)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：二战后美国的基础教育一直处于变革之中,美国学区督导在每一次教育改革中都发挥了一定的作用,其角色也随当时政治、经济和社会环境的变化而处于变化中。二战后美国先后经历了六次教育改革,学区督导在这些改革中分别扮演着应用社会科学家、民主型领导者、交流沟通者、关系管理者、文化建设者等多个角色。美国学区督导参与教育改革的角色嬗变呈现出如下特点:学区督导角色的专业要求越来越高,承担的职责越来越多;学区督导角色与公共教育权力分配方式相对一致;专业性和政治性之间的张力促进了学区督导角色的嬗变。After World War Ⅱ,the basic education in the United States has been in the process of reform,and the school superintendents have played an important role in the education reform.The role of the superintendents evolved with the changes of the political,economic,and social environment at that time.The United States has experienced six education reforms after the World War II.Correspondingly,the superintendents play roles as applied social scientists,democratic leaders,communicators,relationship managers,and cultural builders in different education reforms respectively.Generally speaking,the evolution of school superintendent roles in the United States after the war shows three characteristics.Firstly,the role of school superintendents is becoming more and more demanding and assumed more and more responsibilities.Secondly,the role of school superintendents is relatively consistent with the distribution of public education power.Thirdly,the tension between professionalization and politicization promote the evolution of school superintendent role.

关 键 词：美国 学区督导 教育改革 角色 

分 类 号：G571.2[文化科学—教育学]