圣之清、任、和、时——从孟子论四圣看其圣人观  

The Sage of Purity,Duty,Harmony and Time:from Mencius'Comments on the Four Sages to See His View of Sage

作　　者：李鑫[1] LI Xin(Center for Studies of Values and Culture,School of Philosophy,Collaborative Innovation Center for Core Socialist Values,Beijing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学价值与文化研究中心、哲学学院、社会主义核心价值观协同创新中心

出　　处：《当代中国价值观研究》2024年第3期90-99,共10页Chinese Journal of Contemporary Values

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“朱子学综合研究”(22VRC173)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：孟子肯定伯夷、伊尹、柳下惠皆为古之圣人,同时也认为他们各有所偏,未至圆满。但圣人之偏,绝非出于私欲,而往往是四端之发未能中节所致,根本原因是“智”有不足。圣人之间亦可能存在高下层次的分别,孟子心中最理想的圣人人格是像孔子那样随时而处中的圣之时者。相较于孔子,孟子降低了圣人的门槛,扩大了圣人的范围,提振了人学以成圣的信心,与此同时,对孔子之为圣之时者的揭明,又坚持了圣人的高远理想性,使人知所向望。Mencius not only affirmed that Bo Yi,Yi Yin and Liu Xiahui were all ancient sages,but also believed that they had their own disadvantages.But the bias of the three sages is not out of selfish desires,but the presentation of the four initiators is inappropriate in the process of implementation,and the fundamental reason is the lack of“wisdom”.There may also be different levels of sages,and the most ideal sage personality in Mencius'mind is Confucius's“sage of time”.Compared with Confucius,Mencius slightly lowered the threshold and expanded the scope of sage,which boosted people's confidence in learning to become sages,but at the same time,the revelation of Confucius as“sage of time”insisted on the high ideal of sages,and made people know what to expect.

关 键 词：伯夷 伊尹 柳下惠 孔子 孟子 圣人观 

分 类 号：B222.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]