重审东方民族主义:历史语境中的泰戈尔民族主义思想解析  

Rethinking Oriental Nationalism:An Analysis of Rabindranath Tagores Thought of Nationalism in Historical Contexts

作　　者：王文奇 WANG Wen-qi(School of International and Public Affairs,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学公共外交学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《史学集刊》2024年第4期114-125,共12页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“西方多民族国家多民族聚居区和解共生的路径与方法研究”(23BMZ159)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：近年来西方学者为民族主义研究做出了诸多贡献,但在分析东方国家的民族主义思潮与运动时,西方学者往往认为东方是在模仿西方,这种结论过于武断。在19世纪末至20世纪上半叶印度的民族主义思潮中,泰戈尔展现了东方国家知识分子认知与接受西方民族主义思想时的复杂性。泰戈尔一方面倡导文化民族主义,另一方面批判西方式的政治民族主义。但泰戈尔在批判西方政治民族主义时,其民族主义的内涵是由泰戈尔进行限定后的理解,与时人和今人对民族主义的理解存在差异,这也是时人与泰戈尔产生思想交锋和今人误解泰戈尔思想的原因所在。泰戈尔主张发扬印度自身传统理念与社会的优越性,以此完成印度的现代化转型,这是典型的民族主义者的表现。只有回到历史语境中,认真审视泰戈尔民族主义思想的内涵,意识到其民族主义思想的特殊性,才能更好理解东方民族主义思潮,认识到其生成过程并不是对西方的简单接纳和效仿,而是存在着自身的判断与取舍。Western scholars have contributed a lot to the study of nationalism in recent years,but when analyzing the nationalist thoughts and movements in Eastern countries,they tend to argue that the East is imitating the West,which is too arbitrary.In the nationalist thinking in India from the late nineteenth century to the first half of the twentieth century,Rabindranath Tagore was the representative who showed the complexity of Eastern intellectuals in recognizing and accepting Western nationalist thought.Tagore advocated cultural nationalism on the one hand and criticized Western-style political nationalism on the other hand.However,when Tagore criticized the Western political nationalism,the connotation of nationalism was defined by him,which was different from the understanding of nationalism by the people of the time and the people of today.This is also the reason why Tagore and people at that time had a clash of idea and the misunderstanding of Tagores thought by people today.Tagore advocated the promoting of Indias own traditional concepts and social superiority,so as to complete the transformation of Indias modernization,which was a typical manifestation of nationalism.Only by returning to the historical context,carefully examining the connotation of Tagores nationalist thought,and realizing the specificity of his nationalist ideas,can we better understand that the formation of process of Eastern nationalist thought is not a simple acceptance and imitation of the West,but involves its own judgments and trade-offs.

关 键 词：民族主义 历史语境 泰戈尔 印度教 

分 类 号：D06[政治法律—政治学] B351.4[哲学宗教—外国哲学]