社会之镜与先验理性:斯密与康德道德哲学比较  

Mirror of Society and Transcendental Reason:Comparison of Moral Philosophies between Smith and Kant

作　　者：高力克[1] Gao Like

机构地区：[1]浙江大学国际文化学系,杭州310058

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（伦理学）》2023年第9期60-70,共11页ETHICS

摘　　要：斯密与康德是欧洲启蒙时代两位深具影响的道德哲学家。斯密承袭苏格兰启蒙哲学的情感主义伦理学,注重道德情感的心理分析,从植根于人的社会性的“同情”心理机能,以“主体间”的社会之镜为道德判断的根据,寻找“道德感”的源泉和心理基础。康德先验唯心主义的道德形而上学,则以“主体内”的先验理性为德性之本,以先验的纯粹实践理性为“道德律”的根据。斯密以“合宜性”为中心的伦理学与康德“义务”至上的伦理学,表征着英国经验主义伦理学与德国理性主义伦理学之低调道德观与高调道德观的分歧。Adam Smith and Immanuel Kant are two influential moral philosophers in the European Enlighten-ment Age.Adam Smith took up moral sentimentalism in the Scottish Enlightenment,focused on the mental analysis of moral sentiments.He suggested that in according to the mental function of sympathy of human being's sociality,make the moral judgement based on the"inter-subjective"mirror of society,and try to find out the root and mental ground of"sentimentalism".The moral metaphysics of Immanuel Kant's transcendental idealism suggested that the"inner"transcendental reason is the root of morality,and the transcendental pure practical reason grounded the"moral law".Adam Smith's moral philosophy centered on the propriety,and Immanuel Kant's moral philosophy emphasized duty.These two kinds of moral philosophies,represented the difference between the low standard of morality in British empiricism and the high standard of morality in German Rationalism.

关 键 词：斯密 康德 同情 先验理性 合宜 义务 

分 类 号：B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学]