基于双平台协同观测的空间目标精密定轨技术研究  

Research on Precise Orbit Determination Technology of Space Object Based on Cooperative Observation of Two Platforms

作　　者：李子奇 汪洪源[1] 李传恭 LI Ziqi;WANG Hongyuan;LI Chuangong(Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;The Chinese People’s Liberation Army Unit 61175,Nanjing 210049,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学,哈尔滨150001 [2]中国人民解放军61175部队,南京210049

出　　处：《载人航天》2024年第3期277-283,共7页Manned Spaceflight

摘　　要：针对单星观测平台在仅测角条件下对空间目标进行定轨的不适定,导致定轨精度较低的问题,为提升定轨精度,设计了一种基于双平台协同观测的空间目标定轨方法。首先,通过将双平台观测视为双目观测系统,并利用三角测量原理实现目标空间位置解算;然后,将解算的目标位置与测角信息联合输入至无迹卡尔曼滤波算法;最后,通过目标状态预测、观测预测、无迹变换和状态更新等步骤实现目标轨道确定。仿真实验结果表明:所提方法能够在18 min内实现目标轨道参数精确反演,目标平均定位误差小于150 m。The orbit determination of space objects by a single-star observation platform under the condition of angle measurement only is an ill-posed problem,and the orbit determination accuracy is low.To improve the orbit determination accuracy,this paper proposes a novel space target orbiting method based on dual-platform cooperative observation,which treats the dual-platform observation as a binocular observation system and utilizes the triangulation principle to estimate the object spatial position.Further,the estimated position and observed angle are jointly fed to the Unscented Kalman Filter algorithm,and the object orbit determination is realized through the steps of object state pre-diction,observation prediction,traceless transformation and state update.The simulation experi-mental results show that the proposed method can estimate the orbit parameters of space objects ac-curately within 18 minutes,and the average positioning error is less than 150 m.

关 键 词：三角测量原理 多传感器目标位置解算 无迹卡尔曼滤波 目标轨道确定 双平台协同观测 

分 类 号：V411[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]