留白与《红楼梦》叙事——论《红楼梦》叙事中的不写与不写之写  

White Space and Narrative of“A Dream of Red Mansions”—On the Narrative Writing of“A Dream of Red Mansions”

作　　者：樊志斌 FAN Zhibin

机构地区：[1]国家植物园曹雪芹纪念馆,北京100093

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2024年第4期120-129,共10页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

摘　　要：在考察中国传统哲学、文学美学观中的阴阳、虚实观念,参考《红楼梦》后四十回著作权、《红楼梦》中不写之写技法相应研究的基础上,结合文本书写,探讨留白艺术在《红楼梦》中的重要作用:辨析《红楼梦》在故事设置书写、人物书写、故事书写等诸多方面中的不写与不写之写的手法区别,将不写之写进一步区分为不写之写的手法与不写之写的艺术效果;系统考察《红楼梦》的故事设置书写、人物书写、故事书写中使用的留白手法与效果,诸如相类人物比较的“一击两鸣”、通过后文提及补写前文、“又”字的使用与补写效果、两相相较产生联想等手法;在此基础上,指出《红楼梦》书写中的留白技法为整个故事的设置、演进、人物的塑造提供了诸多方便,如宝钗、黛玉判词合一与宝玉、黛玉前生因缘书写,为读者了解前世宝钗地位、今世宝钗地位、与宝黛的关系创造了条件;对贾宝玉的详细书写和对甄宝玉的点到为止,为考察甄宝玉的归途、曹雪芹的人生观创造了条件等,造就了《红楼梦》特有的简洁含蓄的文章风范,不仅避免了行文拖沓重复,形成行文简洁的风格,同时,补足了相应人物、事件信息,为人物复杂心态塑造、读者阅读产生含蓄与想象空间创造了条件,成为《红楼梦》故事叙述、人物塑造最重要的文学手段之一,造就了不同人、事之间的互相比照,创造了含蓄无限的审美意境、言有尽而意无穷的美学效果,是《红楼梦》作为文学巅峰的重要原因,也为后世的文学创作提供了技法与美学观上的具体参考。This paper is based on the investigation of Yin and Yang,the concept of virtuality and reality in Chinese traditional philosophy and literary aesthetics,and the corresponding research on the copyright after forty times of"A Dream of Red Mansions"and the writing techniques not written in“A Dream of Red Mansions”,associative text writing,to explore the important role of the art of white space in A Dream of Red Mansions:This paper analyzes the differences between the writing techniques without writing and the writing techniques without writing in the story setting,character writing and story writing,and further divides the writing techniques without writing and the artistic effects of writing without writing;This paper systematically examines the techniques and effects of white space used in the story setting,character writing and story writing of A Dream of Red Mansions,such as the“one stroke,two songs”in the comparison of similar characters,the reference to the previous text through the later text,the use of the word“you”and the effect of the supplement,and the association of the two comparisons.On that basis,is pointed out that the white space technique in the writing of A Dream of Red Mansions provides a lot of convenience for the setting,evolution and characterization of the whole story,such as the combination of Baochai and Daiyu’s judgment and the writing of the causes and causes of Baoyu and Daiyu’s past life,which creates conditions for readers to understand the status of Baochai in the past life,the status of Baochai in the present life and the relationship with Baodai,The detailed writing of Jia Baoyu and the points to Zhen Baoyu have created conditions for the investigation of Zhen Baoyu’s return and Cao Xueqin’s outlook on life,etc.,and created the unique concise and implicit style of the article of A Dream of Red Mansions,which not only saves the text,but also avoids the delay and repetition of the writing.It forms a concise style of writing,and at the same time,it complements the i

关 键 词：红楼梦 阴阳 虚实 书写技法 留白 不写 不写之写 系统 

分 类 号：I247.5[文学—中国文学]