从字用看秦“书同文”的具体规定  

Study on the Specific Provisions of Shu Tong Wen in Qin Dynasty from the View of Character Usage

作　　者：李洁琼 Li Jieqiong

机构地区：[1]清华大学出土文献研究与保护中心,北京100084

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（语言文字学）》2023年第10期88-98,共11页LINGUISTICS AND PHILOLOGY

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第70批面上资助项目(2021M701961);“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”资助项目“汉字理论与发展史综合研究”(G1451)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：从里耶秦简8-461号木读摘录的部分“书同文”内容看,秦“书同文”内容丰富而广泛,但无论是传世文献还是出土文献,都没有秦“书同文”完整规定的记录。语言文字的发展如果是自然演化,必然存在新旧共用的阶段,而如果是人为规定,则不会存在共用阶段,依据这一规律,可以通过“书同文”前后秦出土文献语言文字的对比,推断“书同文”的未有明确记载的内容。“胃”“谓”分用、“直”“置”分用、“丈”“杖”分用等当属“书同文”规定。Judging from some of the contents of Shu Tong Wen(书同文)excerpted from the wooden slip of Liye Qin Slip(里耶秦简)No.8-461,Shu Tong Wen in Qin dynasty is rich and extensive in content.However,neither in the handed down documents nor in the unearthed documents,there is no record of the complete provisions of Shu Tong Wen.If the de-velopment of language is a natural evolution,there must be a stage of sharing between the old and the new,but if it is man-made,there will be no sharing stage.According to this rule,it is possible to infer the undocumented content of Shu Tong Wen by comparing the languages of unearthed documents of Qin dynasty before and after Shu Tong Wen.The separate use of"wei(胃)"and"wei(谓)","zhi(直)"and"zhi(置)","zhang(丈)"and"zhang(杖)",etc.should belong to the provisions of Shu Tong Wen.

关 键 词：“书同文” 汉字发展史 汉语词汇史 用字 

分 类 号：H121[语言文字—汉语] H131