关于《张协状元》与《两地书》的“添”  

On the“添”in Zhang Xie,The Top Scholar and The Letters from Two Places

作　　者：崔山佳 CUI Shanjia(School of Humanities and Communication,Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学人文与传播学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期78-89,共12页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“晚明以来吴语白话文献语法研究及数据库建设”(项目编号:21&ZD301)。

摘　　要：南戏《张协状元》与鲁迅的《两地书》中有“V添”,这“添”是实义动词,还是后置副词,学界有不同看法。其实,《张协状元》第18出“宛转些添”的“添”不是后置副词,此句前面还有“钱谁与添?”两个“添”都是动词,义为“增加;增补”,在句中义为“借(钱)”。据目前收集的材料可知,“添”作后置副词在清末传教士的文献中才有。根据宋、明、清、民国等一些用例来看,《两地书》中的“添”应是“添置”义,与“买(购买)”组成并列式合成词“买添”,与之同义的还有“添买”一词,古代文献也较为常见。“买添”与作为后置状语的“V添”有区别:形式上,后置状语“V添”中的“V”后面一般不能直接加“添”,而是中间要加量词或数量词;语义上,“V添”表示“动作继续进行或动作行为的重复,数量继续追加”,“买添”无此形式,也无此语义。因此,《两地书》中的“添”也是动词,不是后置副词。同时,绍兴山区仍有“V添”的说法,至于市区,“新派”不说了,但“老派”仍有一些人在说。The usage of“添”in the southern opera Zhang Xie,The Top Scholar and Lu Xun’s The Letters from Two Places has sparked debate within the academic community.Specifically,there is disagreement over whether“添”functions as a notional verb or a postposition adverb.This paper argues that in the sentences“宛转些添”and“钱与谁添”from Chapter 18 of Zhang Xie,The Top Scholar,“添”operates as a verb meaning“to add or supplement,”particularly in these two sentences meaning borrowing(money).Historical analysis shows that“添”as a postposition adverb appeared in missionary literature until the late Qing dynasty.Examples from the Song(960 AD-1279 AD),Ming(1368 AD-1644 AD),Qing(1644 AD-1911 AD),and Republic of China(1912 AD-1949 AD)periods indicate that in The Letters from Two Places,“添”means“to add.”When combined with“买(buy),”it forms the compound“买添,”synonymous with“添买,”a common expression in ancient literature.Unlike the postposition adverb“V添,”where“V”must be followed by a quantifier before“添,”“买添”directly combines the two verbs without such a requirement.Semantically,“V添”implies the continuation or repetition of an action,whereas“买添”does not.Therefore,“添”in The Letters from Two Places should be classified as a verb,not a postposition.Additionally,while some scholars argue about the contemporary use of“V添”in the Shaoxing urban area,it appears that this usage persists primarily among the older generation rather than among modern speakers.

关 键 词：南戏 《张协状元》 鲁迅作品 《两地书》 添 词性 

分 类 号：H173[语言文字—汉语]