新型植物蛋白来源RuBisCO的研究进展  

Research progress of RuBisCO,a new plant protein source

作　　者：冯文娟 高思聪 黄文选 李赟高 黄志超 缪铭[1] FENG Wenjuan;GAO Sicong;HUANG Wenxuan;LI Yungao;HUANG Zhichao;MIAO Ming(State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,College of Food Science,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China;Qinhuangdao Senyuan Investment Group Co.Ltd.,Qinhuangdao 066199,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学食品学院,食品科学与技术国家重点实验室,江苏无锡214122 [2]秦皇岛森源投资集团有限公司,河北秦皇岛066199

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2024年第13期340-348,共9页Food and Fermentation Industries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1100101)。

摘　　要：核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase,RuBisCO)是决定植物光合作用碳同化速率和光呼吸的关键酶,在C4植物(如玉米或高粱)中构成15%的叶可溶性蛋白质,在C3植物(如小麦、烟草、苜蓿)中占总氮的50%以上。RuBisCO的分子质量约为560 kDa,由8个大亚基和8个小亚基组成,形状近似空心球体或圆柱体,在一定条件下大小亚基可以发生解离。RuBisCO的提取和纯化工艺主要受到多酚、叶绿素、纤维和多糖等物质的影响,目前的提取方法存在成本高、效率低、工艺复杂等问题,应当严格把控原材料的品质,开拓经济性和质量兼具的提取和纯化方法,并且考虑附加子产品开发。在理化性质方面,RuBisCO具有出色的溶解性、乳化性、起泡性和可在低浓度下形成脆性凝胶的特性,极具应用潜力。在营养与功能特性方面,RuBisCO富含必需氨基酸,其衍生的多肽在体外已被证实具有促进健康的功能。本文对RuBisCO的来源、结构、提取工艺、理化特性、营养及功能特性进行了综述,提出了未来的研究方向,并展望了其应用前景。Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(RuBisCO)is an essential enzyme that plays a vital role in plants by regulating carbon assimilation rate and the process of photorespiration.It is responsible for about 15%of soluble leaf proteins in C4 plants like maize and sorghum,while making up over 50%of total nitrogen in C3 plants such as wheat,tobacco,and alfalfa.RuBisCO has a molecular weight of approximately 560 kDa and consists of 8 large subunits and 8 small subunits.Its shape can be either spherical or cylindrical,and it can undergo subunit dissociation under specific conditions.However,the current methods for extracting RuBisCO have several issues,including high cost,low efficiency,and complex technology.To address these problems,it is important to ensure strict control over the quality of raw materials,develop extraction and purification methods that are both economically viable and of high quality,and explore the possibility of developing additional by-products.From a physicochemical perspective,RuBisCO exhibits excellent solubility,emulsifying capacity,foaming capacity,and can even form brittle gels at low concentrations,highlighting its significant application potential.In terms of nutritional and functional characteristics,RuBisCO is rich in essential amino acids,and its derived peptides have demonstrated health-promoting functions in laboratory studies.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the sources,structure,extraction process,physicochemical properties,nutritional and functional characteristics of RuBisCO.It also suggests future research directions and discusses the potential applications of RuBisCO.

关 键 词：核酮糖-1 5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶 提取方法 理化特性 营养与功能特性 

分 类 号：TS201.21[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]