马克思对“工业病理学”的创造性发展  

Marx's Creative Development of"Industrial Pathology"

作　　者：钟玉晨 肖巍[1] ZHONG Yuchen;XIAO Wei(School of Marxism/Moral Education Research Center,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100080,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学马克思主义学院/清华大学高校德育研究中心,北京100080

出　　处：《医学与哲学》2024年第13期21-24,共4页Medicine and Philosophy

基　　金：2021年国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD057);2012年教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目(12YJAZH163)。

摘　　要：18世纪的医生拉马齐尼提出“工业病理学”概念并以此研究公共卫生,尤其是职业健康问题。马克思汲取这一概念和相关理论,把对个体和群体患者疾病的研究翻转成对于导致工业病产生的社会背景和社会制度的研究,从资本批判的高度揭示出工业病背后的资本逻辑,说明了工业病理学诞生的社会历史根源。马克思认为,资本主义分工模式催生了工业病,资本主义生产方式在效用和增殖原则的主导下必然会造成工人阶级身体和精神的异化与病态化。资本主义生产目的是剩余价值,这从根本上决定了资本主义社会不可避免地产生工人阶级的健康危机。Bernardino Ramazzini,a physician in the 18th century,proposed the concept of"industrial pathology"as a way to study public health,especially occupational health.Drawing on this concept and related theories,Marx turns the focus from individual and group patients'diseases to the social context and systems that lead to the occurrence of industrial diseases,reveal the logic of capital behind industrial diseases from the height of capital criticism,and clarifiy the social and historical roots of industrial pathology.Marx believes that the capitalist division of labor gave rise to industrial diseases,and the capitalist mode of production under the dominance of the principle of utility and multiplication would inevitably cause the physical and mental alienation and pathologization of the working class.The purpose of capitalist production is the production of surplus value,which fundamentally determines that the health crisis of the working class in capitalist society is inevitable.

关 键 词：工业病理学 资本主义分工模式 资本主义生产方式 职业健康 

分 类 号：R-02[医药卫生]