彰显企业主体地位的日本技能培训生态圈构建及特色研究  

Research on Construction and Characteristics of Japanese Skill Training Ecosystem Highlighting Dominant Position of Enterprises

作　　者：李延平[1] 黎佳丽 LI Yan-ping;LI Jia-li(Faculty of Education,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710062;Enyang District Institute of Education Science,Bazhong 636064,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学教育学部,西安710062 [2]巴中市恩阳区教育科学研究所,巴中636064

出　　处：《成人教育》2024年第8期85-93,共9页Adult Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十四五”规划2021年度教育学一般课题“基于技术哲学的职业本科高校专业评估指标体系构建及测评研究”,课题编号为BJA210106。

摘　　要：面对信息技术革新迅速的技术技能型人才供需失衡状况,为提高在不确定环境下职业教育和培训的实效性,世界银行提出了精准培训框架构想,旨在为个体提供涵盖整个劳动年龄阶段的技能培训生态圈,以确保其享有灵活且有效的终身技能培训。日本为了回应变化所带来的人才需求挑战,积极构建职业教育服务国家经济高质量发展的技能培训生态圈制度体系,坚持和强化企业在技能型人才供给中的重要主体地位,形成了自己的发展特色:政府制定企业参与职业教育的相关政策和法律,强化企业在职业教育和培训中的重要主体地位,建立健全终身职业训练制度;明确政府在学校系统外职业培训中的职责,根据实际情况的变化为企业的职业培训提供资金和技术支持等,为我国构建符合国情的职业教育和培训生态圈提供借鉴思路。In the face of the imbalance between supply and demand of technical and skilled talents with rapid information technology innovation,the World Bank has put forward the precise training framework,which aims to provide individuals with a skills-training ecosystem covering the entire working age to ensure that they enjoy flexible and effective lifelong skills training,in order to improve the effectiveness of vocational education and training in an uncertain environment.Japan has formed its own development characteristics in order to respond to the challenges of talent demand brought by changes,actively construct a system of skills-training ecosystem in which vocational education serves the high-quality development of the national economy,and adhere to and strengthen the important dominant position of the enterprises in the supply of skilled talents.The government has formulated relevant policies and laws for enterprises to participate in vocational education,strengthened the important dominant position of enterprises in vocational education and training,and established a sound lifelong vocational training system;it is necessary to clarify the government’s responsibilities in vocational training outside the school system,and provide financial and technical support for vocational training of enterprises according to changes in the actual situation,which provides reference ideas for China to build a vocational education and training ecosystem in line with national conditions.

关 键 词：日本 企业 职业教育和培训 技能培训生态圈 精准培训框架 

分 类 号：G719[文化科学—职业技术教育学]