氨氮对中华绒螯蟹蜕壳和抗氧化能力的影响  

Effects of Ammonia-N Concentrations on Molting and Antioxidant Capacity of Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis

作　　者：王天雨 丛亚新 吴朝霞[1] 孙文涛[2] 刘依朦 WANG Tianyu;CONG Yaxin;WU Zhaoxia;SUN Wentao;LIU Yimeng(College of Food Science,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学食品学院,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]辽宁省农业科学院植物营养与环境资源研究所,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《水产科学》2024年第4期590-597,共8页Fisheries Science

基　　金：辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC1802044)。

摘　　要：为探明水体不同含量氨氮对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹蜕壳、生化组成和抗氧化能力的影响,将体质量(6.13±0.05) g中华绒螯蟹置于水温(22.0±0.5)℃,pH 7.63±0.44,氨氮质量浓度分别为0(对照组)、10.47、20.93、31.40、41.87 mg/L的养殖水中,在氨氮暴露0、3、6、9、12 d测定中华绒螯蟹的存活率、生长指标、生化组成和抗氧化酶活性。试验结果显示:在氨氮暴露期间,10.47 mg/L氨氮处理组中华绒螯蟹的存活率和蜕壳率几乎未受影响,而其他氨氮处理组中华绒螯蟹存活率与蜕壳率显著降低(P<0.05);蟹肉组织粗蛋白和粗脂肪等能量物质的消耗随着氨氮质量浓度的升高而减少;10.47 mg/L氨氮处理组肝胰腺组织超氧化物歧化酶活性在暴露初期显著提高,增强了抗氧化能力,且丙二醛含量在氨氮暴露后未受影响;随着氨氮质量浓度的升高,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),丙二醛含量显著增加(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,氨氮质量浓度高于20.93 mg/L,能够明显抑制生长发育,降低抗氧化酶活性,引发氧化应激。试验结果可为中华绒螯蟹对氨氮胁迫响应机制的研究及养殖水环境的改善提供基础数据。To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of ammonia-N in the water environment on the molting,proximate composition,and antioxidant capacity of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis,the Chinese mitten crab [(6.13±0.05) g] was cultured in water with ammonia-N concentration of 0(the control group),10.47,20.93,31.40,and 41.87 mg/L,respectively.And the survival rate,growth index,proximate composition,and antioxidant enzyme activities of Chinese mitten crab were determined at 0,3,6,9 and 12 days after exposure to ammonia-N at water temperature of(22.0±0.5) ℃ and pH of 7.63±0.44.The results showed that the survival rate and molting rate of Chinese mitten crab in the 10.47 mg/L ammonia-N treatment group were almost unaffected during ammonia-N exposure,whereas those in the other ammonia-N treatment groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The consumption of energy substances in crab meat,namely crude protein and crude fat,decreased with the increase in ammonia-N concentration.The superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in the hepatopancreas of crabs in the 10.47 mg/L ammonia-N treatment group was significantly increased at the initial stage of exposure,the antioxidant capacity of Chinese mitten crab was enhanced,and the malondialdehyde(MDA) content was not affected after exposure.However,with the increase in ammonia-N concentration,SOD,catalase(CAT),and peroxidase(POD) activities were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and MDA content was significantly increased(P<0.05).Therefore,the ammonia-N concentration of higher than 20.93 mg/L may inhibit the growth of Chinese mitten crab,reduce its antioxidant enzyme activities,and induce oxidative stress.The findings provide the data support and theoretical basis for the study on response mechanisms of Chinese mitten crab to ammonia-N stress and the improvement of the aquaculture water environment.

关 键 词：氨氮 中华绒螯蟹 生长性能 生化组成 抗氧化 

分 类 号：S966.16[农业科学—水产养殖]