国内外国家公园生态产品价值实现及其对我国的启示  

Realizaing the value of ecological products of national parks:comparative insights and implications for China

作　　者：万世昊 孙洪艳[1] WAN Shihao;SUN Hongyan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083

出　　处：《国家公园（中英文）》2024年第5期288-295,共8页Natinonal Park

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72241415)。

摘　　要：自2013年以来,我国国家公园建设得到稳步推进,但如何有效实现其蕴含的丰富生态产品价值仍是研究重点。目前,生态产品价值实现在国内外均有诸多成功案例,但其分类仍需进一步厘清,针对国家公园特征的实现路径尚待研究。为此,首先梳理了国内外生态产品价值实现的典型路径,并依据政府干预程度和交易主体的数量,将其分为公共支付、市场化交易和直接支付三大模式,包含十类具体实现手段。在此分类基础上,总结国内外国家公园生态产品价值的成功实践,归纳出国家公园所特有的实现模式。研究发现,公共支付和直接支付是国内外国家公园生态产品价值实现的主流模式。门户城镇和设置公益岗位是国家公园的特有实现手段,其特殊性来自国家公园的社会经济属性。最后,综合国内外研究成果及实践经验,为我国国家公园生态产品价值的实现提出了科学性建议,以期推动生态文明建设的持续发展。Since 2013,the construction of national parks in China has been steadily promoted.However,focusing on how to effectively realize the value of their rich ecological products remains a significant challenge.At present,there are many successful cases of realizing the value of ecological products in China and abroad.However,their classification still needs to be further clarified.The realization paths for the characteristics of national parks have yet to be researched.To this end,this paper first combed the typical paths of realizing the value of ecological products at home and abroad.It classified them into three modes—public payment,market⁃oriented transaction,and direct payment—based on the degree of government intervention and the number of transaction subjects containing ten types of specific realization means.Based on this classification,the successful practices of the ecological product value in national parks at home and abroad are summarised.This summary includes realization modes unique to national parks.The study finds that public and direct payment are the mainstream modes of realizing the value of ecological products in national parks at home and abroad.Portal towns and the establishment of public welfare posts are the unique means of realizing the value of ecological products in national parks,and their unique characteristics come from the socio⁃economic attributes of national parks.Finally,combining research results and practical experiences from both domestic and international sources,the study offers scientific suggestions for enhancing the value of ecological products in China′s national parks,thus contributing to sustainable ecological civilization.

关 键 词：国家公园 生态产品价值实现 实现路径 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X36