日本职普融通的核心理念、实践策略与经验借鉴  

Japan's Core Concepts,Practical Strategies,and Lessons from the Integration of Vocational and General Education

作　　者：刘晓萍 Liu Xiaoping(Institute of Vocational and Adult Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学职业教育与成人教育研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《职教论坛》2024年第6期42-51,共10页Journal of Vocational Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划教育学重大招标课题“职业教育类型特征及其与普通教育‘双轨制’‘双通制’体系构建研究”(编号:VJA200003),主持人:匡瑛。

摘　　要：日本自20世纪80年代便致力于消除职业教育与普通教育彼此长期分离的壁垒,历经数十载探索,日本在本国教育体系基础上探索出职普融通的两种设计策略:横向融合策略和纵向贯通策略。横向融合策略主要依托课程这一载体,以能力重塑为锚点,通过职普课程的深入融合,确保普通教育系统的学生具备职业意识,职业教育系统的学生掌握普通教育的知识;纵向贯通策略则以教育要素作为媒介,为学生提供职普之间自由转换与衔接的制度保障。日本在消除职业教育与普通教育壁垒方面为学生的发展提供了更多机会,鉴于我国与日本地缘相邻,教育体系与文化传统具有相似性,其职普融通成功经验对我国具有借鉴意义。Since the 1980s,Japan has been committed to breaking down the barriers that have long separated vocational and general education.Afer decades of exploration,Japan has developed two design strategies for the integration of vocational and general education based on its domestic education system:the lateral integration strategy and the vertical connection strategy.The lateral integration strategy mainly relies on the curriculum as the vehicle,with competence reshaping as the anchor point,through the in-depth integration of vocational and general education courses,ensuring that students in the general education system develop professional awareness,and students in the vocational education system master the knowledge and skills of general education.The vertical connection strategy uses educational elements as a medium to provide students with institutional guarantees for free conversion and connection between vocational and general education.Japan's success in eliminating barriers between vocational and general education has provided more opportunities for student development.Given the geographical proximity and similarities in educational systems and cultural traditions between China and Japan,Japan's successful experience in the integration of vocational and general education is of significance as a mirror for China.

关 键 词：日本职业教育 职普融通 横向融合 纵向贯通 

分 类 号：G719[文化科学—职业技术教育学]