饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对三倍体虹鳟生长性能、生理代谢和感官品质的影响  

DIETARY PROTEIN AND LIPID LEVELS ON GROWTH,PHYSIOLOGICAL METABOLISM AND ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY OF TRIPLOID RAINBOW TROUT

作　　者：陈丽霞 曹嵩靖 孟玉琼 孙国梁 李长忠 马睿 CHEN Li-Xia;CAO Song-Jing;MENG Yu-Qiong;SUN Guo-Liang;LI Chang-Zhong;MA Rui(Key Laboratory of Plateau Cold-Water Fish Culture and Eco-Environmental Conservation(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;College of Ecological Environmental Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部高原冷水鱼养殖与生态环境保护重点实验室(部省共建),西宁810016 [2]青海大学生态环境工程学院,西宁810016 [3]省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,西宁810016

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2024年第8期1279-1291,共13页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：青海省科技厅项目(2019-NK-104)资助。

摘　　要：研究采用3×3双因素实验设计,配制3个饲料蛋白质水平(35%、40%和45%)和3个饲料脂肪水平(20%、25%和30%)的9种饲料探究饲料蛋白质和脂肪水平对三倍体虹鳟(Oncorhynchusmykiss;初始体重为1.5kg)生长性能、生理代谢和感官品质的影响。实验结果表明:在生长性能方面,蛋白质水平为40%、脂肪水平≥25%的饲料组(P40L25和P40L30组)三倍体虹鳟增重率最高,且P40L30组饲料系数最低。在生理代谢方面,高蛋白质饲料(45%)会降低三倍体虹鳟内脏中的脂肪沉积,并促进肝脏健康;高脂肪饲料(30%)不会增加肝脏脂肪含量,同时会提高肝脏抗氧化能力;然而高蛋白质高脂肪饲料(P45L30)组肠道发生氧化损伤导致消化能力下降进而影响鱼类生长和饲料利用。在感官品质方面,肌肉红色值在P45L30组最高,饲料脂肪水平对三倍体虹鳟肉质和气味无明显影响,而投喂高蛋白质饲料(45%)会导致肉质下降。综合以上结果,体重在1.5—2.5kg生长阶段的三倍体虹鳟饲料中适宜的蛋白质水平为40%,适宜脂肪水平为≥25%。The study was conducted to estimate the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth performance,physiological metabolism,and organoleptic quality of triploid rainbow trout weighting 1.5 kg.Nine diets were formulated with three levels of dietary protein(P)(35%,40%,and 45%)and three levels of lipid(L)(20%,25%,and 30%)using a 3x3 factorial design.In freshwater cages,13500 adult female triploid rainbow trout(1.5 kg)were cultured for 8 weeks.Triplicate cages(500 fish per cage)were used as repetitions of each experimental diet.Results showed that the P40L25 and P40L30 groups exhibited the highest weight gain rate,and P40L30 groups showed the lowest feed conversion ratio.High protein diet(45%)reduced lipid deposition in the viscera and promoted liver health,evidenced by lower viscerosomatic and hepatosomatic indices,decreased hepatic lipid content,and favorable plasma lipid profiles,along with higher hepatic lipoprotein lipase and total lipase activities.Additionally,a high lipid diet(30%)could increase fillet lipid content but not hepatic lipid content and enhanced liver antioxidative capacity.However,the group fed a diet with 45%protein and 30%lipid exhibited oxidative damage in the intestine,resulting in reduced digestion efficiency and subsequent decreases in growth and feed utilization.In addition,this group had the highest fillet redness value.Dietary lipid level did not affect fillet texture and odor,while high protein diet(45%)compromised fillet texture,characterized by higher fracturability and lower springiness.In total,for triploid rainbow trout weighting from 1.52.5 kg,the recommended P and L level based on growth performance was 40%and≥25%,P and L based on feed utilization was 40%and≥30%,P and L based on organoleptic quality was 40%and≥25%,respectively.These results provide a basis for the establishment of a nutritional database and the development of an efficient and environmentally diet for triploid rainbow trout.

关 键 词：生长性能 生理代谢 感官品质 饲料营养 三倍体虹鳟 

分 类 号：S963.1[农业科学—水产养殖]