不同初始姿态下城际列车车钩碰撞特性及脱轨风险分析  

Analysis of coupler collision characteristics and derailment risk of intercity trains with different initial attitudes

作　　者：许平[1,2] 何家兴 邢杰 姚曙光[1,2] 黄启 舒安麒 XU Ping;HE Jiaxing;XING Jie;YAO Shuguang;HUANG Qi;SHU Anqi(Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075 [2]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第6期2370-2381,共12页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2021JJ30853);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3703801);湖南省科技领军人才项目(2019RS3018)。

摘　　要：列车碰撞时车钩缓冲装置经常存在初始姿态偏置,影响列车运动姿态,增加脱轨风险。本文以某城际列车全自动车钩为研究对象,建立车钩非线性有限元模型,并与台车冲击试验进行对比验证,在此基础上建立城际列车头车对撞模型,研究初始位移偏置和角度偏转对车钩的碰撞特性及列车脱轨风险的影响。研究结果表明:随着初始偏置及偏转程度的增加,车钩点头角及摇头角稳定值逐渐增大,且不同初始姿态对车钩转角的影响程度不同,点头角对初始垂向偏置和点头偏转较为敏感,摇头角对初始横向偏置和摇头偏转较为敏感。此外,初始姿态对主动车的轮对抬升有重要影响,当车钩点头角随偏置及偏转增大而明显增大时,车体所受垂向力增加,转向架轮对抬升量变大,列车更易出现脱轨现象。The initial attitude deviations of couplers often exist in train collision,which affects the motion attitude of trains and increases the risk of derailment.In this paper,a nonlinear finite element model of a fully automatic coupler of an intercity train was established,which was verified with the impact experiment of trolly.On this basis,a model of intercity train head car collision was established.The collision characteristics of the couplers and its influence on the derailment risk of the vehicle with initial displacement deviations and angle deviations were studied.The results show that the stability values of pitching angle and yawing angle of couplers gradually increase with the increase of the initial deviations,and the influence of initial attitudes on the angle of coupler is different.The pitching angle is more sensitive to vertical and pitching deviations,while the yawing angle is more sensitive to lateral and yawing deviations.Moreover,the initial attitude has an important effect on the wheelset lift of the driving vehicle.When the pitching angle increases significantly with the increase of the deviations,the vertical force on the car body increases,leading to an increase in the wheelset lift of the bogie and resulting in bigger derailment risk of the vehicle.

关 键 词：列车车钩 碰撞特性 脱轨风险 

分 类 号：U270.34[机械工程—车辆工程]