何以成“家”——一项关于中国教育家的谱系学考察  

The Making of Educationalists:A Genealogical Examination of Chinese Educators

作　　者：金马妮 JIN Mani(School of Educational Science,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu,Anhui,241000,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学教育科学学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《广东第二师范学院学报》2024年第4期1-12,共12页Journal of Guangdong University of Education

基　　金：安徽师范大学高峰学科建设项目“‘教育、科技、人才’一体化推进强省建设的逻辑与战略研究”(2023GFXK084)。

摘　　要：教育家身上蕴藏着丰富的成长经验,弘扬教育家精神离不开对教育家何以成“家”这一问题的深层思考。运用谱系学的方法研究中国教育家,重点不在于探讨“教育家是什么”,而是转向对教育家“之所以是其所是”的反思与追问。通过构建中国教育家的谱系,可以发现:教育家的确立标准并非唯一,他们在传播教育思想、探索教育改革、躬耕教育实践、建构教育学说各领域大放异彩,使教育家谱系中生成教育思想家、教育改革家、教育实践家和教育理论家不同的类别。从教育家兴起的历史情境看,中国教育家的发展遵循从内陆到沿海地区的蔓延过程,这与中华文化发端与后期西学东渐的地域性保持一致;从教育家的身份背景看,科层结构下的官员身份为教育主张和文教政策推行提供了政治便利性;从教育家的时代境遇看,社会与文化的转型奠定了“时势造英雄”的环境基础。以上交错的线索反映出构成教育家的要素,揭示了教育家群体的形成规律,使个体体验提炼为具有普遍意义的经验,为当代弘扬教育家精神提供了实践启示。There is a wealth of experience in the growth of educators,and the promotion of the spirit of educators is inseparable from a deeper reflection on the question of“What Makes Educators”.This study utilizes a genealogical approach to the study of Chinese educators,focusing not on“what an educator is,”but rather on reflecting on and inquiring into the“Why a person become an educator”.By constructing a genealogy of Chinese educators,it can be found that the criteria for the establishment of educators are not unique,and that they have made their mark in the fields of spreading educational ideas,exploring educational reforms,plowing through the practice of running schools,and constructing educational doctrines,which has led to the creation of different categories of educational thinkers,educational reformers,educational practitioners,and educational theorists in the genealogy of educators.From the historical context of the rise of educators,the development of Chinese educators followed the process of spreading from the inland to the coastal areas,which is consistent with the geographical nature of the beginning of Chinese culture and the later westward spread of eastern learning.From the background of the identity of educators,the status of officials under the hierarchical structure provide the political convenience for the implementation of cultural and educational policies.From the perspective of the educators'era,the social and cultural transformations provided the foundational environment for the“hero of the times”phenomenon.The intertwined threads reflect the elements that make up an educator,reveal the formation of a community of educators,and allow individual experiences to be distilled into experiences of universal significance.This provides insights into the contemporary practice of promoting the spirit of educationalists.

关 键 词：教育家 谱系学方法 历时性 教育家精神 

分 类 号：G40-09[文化科学—教育学原理]