汉日语言接触视角下“抽象名词+上”结构的演化——基于清末日译汉文本的实证研究  

The Evolution of the"Abstract Noun+Shang"Structure from the Perspective of Sino-Japanese Language Contact:An Empirical Study Based on the Japanese Translation of Chinese Texts in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：薛桂谭 Xue Guitan(Jinan University,China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学外国语学院

出　　处：《日语学习与研究》2024年第3期35-46,共12页Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research

摘　　要：语言接触和语言演变之间的关系考察,是学界研究的热点问题,尚在探索和建构阶段。本文从近代汉日语言接触的视角,对汉语“抽象名词+上”结构的用法意义及演变进行了探讨。基于实证性研究的方法,通过对十九至二十世纪之交译自日语出版物的文本考察,以日汉对译的真实用例,从音节结构与句法功能两个角度,客观展现清末汉译日本书中日语「抽象名詞+上」结构的翻译模式及与汉语“抽象名词+上”结构之间工整严明的对应关系,从语义层面分析了“上”的语义变化和其前接名词由具象到抽象的转变,进而论证了近代密切的汉日语言接触带给汉语方位词“上”用法的改变。通过本文的研究,证明了实证性研究是解决中日语言交流问题的有效方法,以期对汉字为媒介的东亚语言接触和语言演变之间关系的深入研究提供帮助。The relationship between language contact and language evolution is a hot issue in academic research,and it is still in the stage of exploration and construction.From the perspective of modern Sino-Japanese language contact,this paper discusses the evolution of the usage meaning of the"abstract noun+shang"structure in Chinese.Based on an empirical research method,through a textual examination of publications translated from Japanese at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries,this paper objectively demonstrates the translation mode of the Japanese"abstract noun+jyo"structure and its correspondence with the Chinese"abstract noun+shang"structure in the Chinese translation of Japanese books in the late Qing Dynasty,from the perspective of syllabic structure and syntactic function by using real examples of Japanese-Chinese translations.In addition,on a semantic level,this paper analyzes the semantic change of"Shang"and the transformation of its predecessor from figurative to abstract,and then demonstrates the changes in the usage of the Chinese locative word"shang"brought by the close contact between Chinese and Japanese languages in modern times.This paper proves that empirical research is an effective way to solve the problem of Sino-Japanese language exchange,and it is expected to contribute to the in-depth study of the relationship between the contact and language evolution of East Asian languages mediated by Chinese characters.

关 键 词：语言接触 语言演变 翻译 “抽象名词+上”结构 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语] H146