高校教师自愿性流动的效应、困境与出路  

The Effects,Dilemma and Outlet of University Teachers'Voluntary Job Mobility

作　　者：吴克明[1] 孙百才[2] WU keming;SUN Baicai(Hunan Normal University,Changsha Hunan 410081;Qingdao University,Qingdao Shandong 266071)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学,湖南长沙410081 [2]青岛大学,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《现代教育管理》2024年第5期74-83,共10页Modern Education Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目“比较视野下高等教育与社会流动的关系变迁研究”(BFA190058)。

摘　　要：高校教师合理有序流动对促进高等教育高质量发展具有重要的现实意义,然而,我国高校教师自愿性流动率长期偏低。高校教师自愿性流动是社会主义市场经济精神的内在要求,对教师具有利益最大化效应、对高校具有促进学科发展效应和“倒逼改革”效应,对国家建设具有推动人才辈出效应。高校教师自愿性流动的困境主要体现在高校教师自愿性流动意愿不足和高校阻碍教师自愿性流动两个方面。前者根源于受教师人力资本水平、学术市场需求、流动机会成本及心理成本的制约;后者根源于高校追求组织利益最大化、高校在与教师的博弈中具有优势地位及制度对高校的阻碍行为缺乏必要的硬性约束。提升高校教师自愿性流动的出路在于:教师应增强自愿性流动能力和意识;高校应消除对教师年龄和学历歧视、“不拘一格”引人才;政府应加大对教师自愿性流动权益的保障力度。It is practically significant of rational and orderly mobility of university teachers for high quality development of higher education,but the rate of university teachers'job mobility is low for a long time.University teachers'voluntary job mobility,as the internal need of socialist market economy spirit,has multiple positive effects on university teachers,universities and the country,including benefit-maximization effect,discipline-development effect,talent-emergence effect and forced-reform effect.The dilemma of college teachers'voluntary mobility is mainly characterized by their insufficient desire for voluntary job mobility and the hindrance from the universities they are working for.The former is caused by the limitation of teachers'human capital level,academic market demand,opportunity cost and psychological cost,while the latter is attributed to the organizational benefit-maximization pursued by universities,universities'advantageous status in gaming with teachers.and the institutions that lack necessary restrictions for universities'hindrance.Therefore,the way out of the dilemma is that teachers improve their ability and consciousness of voluntary job mobility,universities eliminate the age and academic qualification discrimination and do not stick to one pattern to attract talents,and the government strengthens safeguard for teachers'voluntary job mobility.

关 键 词：高校教师 自愿性流动 流动效应 理性选择 流动意愿 

分 类 号：G451.2[文化科学—教育学]