Retinoscopes:Past and present  

作　　者：Mutali Musa Ehimare Enaholo Babatunde Ismail Bale Carlo Salati Leopoldo Spadea Marco Zeppieri 

机构地区：[1]Department of Optometry,University of Benin,Benin 300283,Nigeria [2]Department of Ophthalmology,Africa Eye Laser Centre,Benin 300105,Nigeria [3]Department of Ophthalmology,Centre for Sight Africa,Nkpor 434101,Nigeria [4]Department of Ophthalmology,University Hospital of Udine,Udine 33100,Italy [5]Eye Clinic,Policlinico Umberto I,"Sapienza"University of Rome,Rome 00142,Italy

出　　处：《World Journal of Methodology》2024年第3期126-140,共15页世界方法学杂志

摘　　要：BACKGROUND Retinoscopy is arguably the most important method in the eye clinic for diagnosing and managing refractive errors.Advantages of retinoscopy include its noninvasive nature,ability to assess patients of all ages,and usefulness in patients with limited cooperation or communication skills.AIM To discuss the history of retinoscopes and examine current literature on the subject.METHODS A search was conducted on the PubMed and with the reference citation analysis(https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com)database using the term"Retinoscopy,"with a range restricted to the last 10 years(2013-2023).The search string algorithm was:"Retinoscopy"(MeSH Terms)OR"Retinoscopy"(All Fields)OR"Retinoscopes"(All Fields)AND[(All Fields)AND 2013:2023(pdat)].RESULTS This systematic review included a total of 286 records.Publications reviewed iterations of the retinoscope into autorefractors,infrared photo retinoscope,television retinoscopy,and the Wifi enabled digital retinoscope.CONCLUSION The retinoscope has evolved significantly since its discovery,with a significant improvement in its diagnostic capabilities.While it has advantages such as non-invasiveness and broad applicability,limitations exist,and the need for skilled interpretation remains.With ongoing research,including the integration of artificial intelligence,retinoscopy is expected to continue advancing and playing a vital role in eye care.

关 键 词：RETINOSCOPY AUTOREFRACTOR Refractive errors OPHTHALMOLOGY OPTICS Artificial intelligence 

分 类 号：R770.4[医药卫生—眼科]