大赋用经:主客结构与铺陈考量  

Quoting Classics in Grand Fu:The Host-Guest Structure and Elaboration

作　　者：易闻晓[1] YI Wenxiao(School of Literature,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学文学院,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2024年第4期132-144,共13页Qilu Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“历代赋论整理研究”(19ZDA249);国家社会科学基金重点项目“赋学通论”(18AZW011)。

摘　　要：《文心雕龙·诠赋》谓“遂客主以首引,极声貌以穷文”,前者是汉大赋主客问答的框架结构,后者则是在此框架结构下预设的铺陈空间,铺陈乃是大赋的主体。主客问答以议论显示讽谏,多用经语。大赋中除直接铺陈仪礼的段落,铺陈则用经为寡。然班固《东都赋》、张衡《东京赋》等则以议论充塞铺陈空间,又大赋短制如扬雄《河东赋》全篇以议论为主,相对于大赋铺陈主体,并用经为多。但大赋绝大部分的铺陈取于六经之外的其他典籍,亦多语词自造。总体而言,汉赋用经为少,而且赋体铺陈所取于六经及其他典籍者,都用以夸饰铺陈,并不保留其在原初文本的意义,故不必说是“经学影响”。In the Commentary on Fu of Wenxin Diao Long,it said,“lead the host and guest from scratch,exhaust the voice and appearance to elaborate the text”.The former part means the frame structure of host and guest while the later refers to the elaboration space set into the structure,thus elaboration is the main body of Grand Fu.The Host-Guest structure often utilizes diction of classics for remonstration.Except the paragraphs of directly expounding on rituals,the elaboration rarely cites the classics.However,Eastern Capital Fu by Ban Gu and Eastern Metropolitan Fu by Zhang Heng fill their elaboration with discussion.Furthermore,short Grand Fu like East of the River Fu by Yang Xiong focuses on debates with more quotations from classics in comparison with elaboration of Grand Fu.Nevertheless,vast majority of elaboration in Grand Fu are derived from other texts outside the Six Classics and the diction is often self-created.Overall,there are few classics used in Han Fu,and the elaborations from Six Classics and other texts are used as epideictic elaboration without retaining their meanings in the original text.So it is not necessary to say“the influenced of Confucian classics”.

关 键 词：汉赋 经学 大赋 主客结构 铺陈 

分 类 号：I222.4[文学—中国文学]