论无人机海上执法——以登临权和紧追权为中心  

On Maritime Law Enforcement by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles:Focusing on Right of Hot Pursuit and Right of Boarding

作　　者：张进 ZHANG Jin(Research Office,Chengdu Federation of Industry and Commerce,Chengdu 610061,China)

机构地区：[1]成都市工商业联合会研究室,四川成都610061

出　　处：《南海学刊》2024年第4期45-60,共16页The Journal of South China Sea Studies

摘　　要：无人机系现代先进科技的重要产物,其出现及应用对国际海洋法的发展有较大助益。无人机指的是《联合国海洋法公约》中的飞机,具备海上执法主体适格性,可行使登临、紧追等海上执法权利,但需遵守相关要件。一定情形下无人机海上执法可能引发法律责任,该种责任因无人机及其所属执法机构的行政机关属性而应属国家责任,责任形式不限于经济赔偿,责任亦难以被免除。受侵害船舶及相关主体需借助无人机登记国国内诉讼程序、外交保护等途径维护自身合法权益,受害国可灵活选用各种国际争端解决方式要求无人机登记国承担国际法律责任。As an important product of modern advanced science and technology,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)appearance and application are of great help to the development of international law of the sea.UAVs is an aircraft in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.It is qualified as a maritime law enforcement subject,and can exercise maritime law enforcement rights such as right of boarding and right of hot pursuit,but it needs to comply with relevant requirements.Under certain circumstances,maritime law enforcement by UAVs may lead to legal responsibility,which belongs to the state because of the administrative nature of UAVs and its law enforcement agencies.The form of responsibility is not limited to economic compensation,and it is difficult to be exempted from liability.The infringed ship and related subjects need to protect their legitimate rights and interests through domestic litigation procedures and diplomatic protection in the country where the drone is registered.The victimized country can flexibly choose various international dispute settlement methods to request the UAVs registration country to bear international legal responsibility.

关 键 词：无人机 海上执法 登临权 紧追权 法律责任 

分 类 号：V279[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]