2018-2022年北京市成人食源性腹泻主动监测结果分析  

Analysis of active surveillance results of adult foodborne diarrhea in Beijing from 2018 to 2022

作　　者：王超[1] 王同瑜 牛彦麟 吴阳博[1] 姜金茹 马晓晨[1] WANG Chao;WANG Tongyu;NIU Yanlin;WU Yangbo;JIANG Jinru;MA Xiaochen(Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京100013

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2024年第6期630-637,共8页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的 通过分析2018-2022年北京市成人食源性腹泻感染情况,探讨感染病例的流行病学特征及临床特点,为成人食源性疾病的防控及临床诊疗提供参考。方法 对2018-2022年北京市哨点医院≥18岁的成人腹泻主动监测病例粪便标本或者肛拭子按照《国家食源性疾病监测工作手册》进行沙门菌、副溶血性弧菌、致泻大肠埃希菌、志贺菌(以下简称“4种致病菌”)和诺如病毒的检测,应用SPSS 21.0软件分析流行病学特征,采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法检验比较不同特征病原体检出情况,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 2018-2022年北京市食源性腹泻共采集成人新鲜粪便标本或肛拭子标本21 413份,沙门菌检出率为3.59%,志贺菌检出率为0.02%,副溶血性弧菌检出率为2.56%,致泻大肠埃希菌检出率为7.43%;10 684份标本诺如病毒检出率为8.01%。4种致病菌的感染高峰为每年7至9月,诺如病毒的感染主要在冬春两季,30~44岁为主要感染人群,感染副溶血性弧菌的病例自述食用过水产动物及其制品的最多,感染沙门菌的病例出现发热症状和腹泻次数≥10/24 h的比例高于其他病原体。结论 北京市成人食源性腹泻病例具有季节性及人群流行特征,可结合不同病原感染病例的可疑食品暴露信息及临床特征,为食品安全健康宣教和临床诊断提供依据。Objective To analyze the infection status of adult foodborne diarrhea in Beijing from 2018 to 2022,to explore the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of infected cases,and to provide reference for the prevention and control of adult foodborne diseases and clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods Fecal specimens or anal swabs from adult diarrhea monitoring cases aged≥18 years in sentinel hospitals in Beijing from 2018 to 2022 were tested for Salmonella,Vibrio parahaemolyticus,Escherichia coli,Shigella(hereinafter referred to as the'four pathogenic bacteria")and Norovirus in accordance with the National Foodborne Disease Monitoring Work Manual.Epidemiological characteristics were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 software,and x2 or Fisher's exact probability test were used to compare the detection status of pathogens with different characteristics.The difference was statistically significant when P<0.05.Results From 2018 to 2022,a total of 21413 fresh fecal or anal swab samples of adults with foodborne diarrhea were collected in Beijing.The detection rate of Salmonella was 3.59%.The detection rate of Shigella was 0.02%.The detection rate of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was 2.56%.And the detection rate of Escherichia coli was 7.43%.The detection rate of Norovirus in 10684 samples was 8.01%.The peak of infection of the four pathogenic bacteria was from July to September each year,and Norovirus infections mainly occurred in winter and spring,with people 30-44 years old being the main infected population.Most cases infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus reported that they had consumed aquatic animals and their products.And cases infected with Salmonella had a higher proportion of fever symptom and diarrhea≥10/24 hours compared to cases with other pathogens.Conclusions Adult cases of foodborne diarrhea in Beijing had seasonal and population-epidemiological characteristics,which can be combined with suspected food exposure information and clinical characteristics of different pathogenic infection cases to provide basis for fo

关 键 词：成人 食源性疾病 主动监测 北京市 

分 类 号：R155.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]