基于乘客出行特征和综合成本均衡的城轨列车开行方案优化研究  

Research on the optimization of train operation plans for urban rail transit based on passenger travel characteristics and comprehensive cost equalization

作　　者：只巍 吴文祥[2] 李鉴 刘琛 董海鹏 杨柠汇 ZHI Wei;WU Wenxiang;LI Jian;LIU Chen;DONG Haipeng;YANG Ninghui(Beijing Metro Operation Corporation,Beijing 100044,China;North China University of Technology,Beijing 100144,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市地铁运营有限公司,北京100044 [2]北方工业大学,北京100144

出　　处：《现代城市轨道交通》2024年第7期109-114,共6页Modern Urban Transit

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72271006)。

摘　　要：基于乘客的出行特征和线路运营特性,研究构建一个多目标非线性整合优化模型,旨在实现乘客等候时间、车辆运用时间及走行公里的最优组合。该模型以列车开行频率和小交路折返位置为关键决策变量。为简化问题,通过线性加权方法将各项指标转化为总成本,从而将原模型简化为单目标优化模型。以北京地铁A线为例,深入研究如何找到均衡总成本最低的列车开行方案。研究结果表明:与常规交路列车开行方案相比,精准匹配乘客出行特征的大小交路开行方案能够显著降低整体运营成本,最高可降低11.9%;在比较不同覆盖区域和行车间隔的大小交路列车开行方案时,发现越能精准匹配乘客出行特征的方案,其总成本越低,可在满足乘客需求的同时,有效避免运力浪费;当小交路运行区段过短时,可能会使乘客出行不便,且无法进一步降低企业的运营成本。Based on passengers'travel characteristics and line operation characteristics,this study establishes a multiobjective nonlinear integration optimization model aiming to achieve the optimal combination of passenger waiting time,vehicle utilization time and travel kilometers.The model takes the train frequency and the location of turnback for part routes as the key decision variables.To simplify the issue,the indicators are converted to the total cost by a linear weighting method,thus simplifying the original model to a single-objective optimization model.Taking line A of Beijing metro as an example,we study in depth how to find the train operation plan with the lowest equilibrium total cost.The results of the study show that compared with the conventional route train operation plan,the full and part routes operation plan that accurately matches the passenger travel characteristics could significantly reduce the overall operating cost by up to 11.9%;when comparing the full and part routes train operation plans with different coverage areas and intervals,it is found that the more accurately matching the passenger travel characteristics,the lower the total cost of the plan,meeting passengers’demands while efficiently avoiding the waste of the transportation capacity;when the operating section of part routes is too short,it will make passengers travel inconvenient and cannot further reduce the operating cost of the enterprise.

关 键 词：城市轨道交通 列车开行方案 多目标非线性整合优化 乘客出行特征 均衡总成本 

分 类 号：U292[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]