什么是“没有文学的文学理论”?——作为一个苏格拉底式的学术自辩(Apologia)  

Why“Literary Theory without Literature”?A Socratic Apologia

作　　者：金惠敏 JIN Huimin(The College of Literature and Journalism,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610207,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院,四川成都610207

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期109-115,共7页Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“20世纪西方差异性话语的四种类型研究”(17BZW002)。

摘　　要：“没有文学的文学理论”这一命题提出于21世纪初年,仅从字面要义看可能显得逻辑不通:“文学理论”若是没有“文学”还能称之为“文学理论”吗?但是倘若对“文学”“文学性”及“文学制度”在中西方20世纪的发生或形成过程有所了解的话,那么“文学理论”究竟应该包含怎样的“文学”并非不证自明。文学是一个现代性概念,一个被现代化了的概念,而现代性或现代化意味着对于对象世界的“科学”划分。在现代化浪潮中,审美成为一个独立自主的领域,一个绝缘于整个社会和所有科学的孤岛。但在此内聚型的审美化运动(唯美主义)之同时,实际上也发展着一个外扩型的审美化运动(日常生活审美化),虽然不能认为后者完全取代了前者,但可以说,审美的纯粹性在事实层面已不复存在。这种审美事实的新变化催逼我们重新界定“文学”和“文学性”,重新认识“文学理论”的中心对象,尤其是认识这一对象所具有的发明性质。“没有文学的文学理论”应运而生,它重新界定和声张了文学理论的社会性质,调整了文学文本内部文学性与非文学性的结构性关系,为民族文学之进入世界文学开辟了新的理论路径。As a proposition,“Literary Theory without Literature”was put forward in the early 21st century.It may seem a bit weird if one reads it just in its literal sense:Could a“Literary Theory”still be called“Literary Theory”without“Literature”?However,if he or she has a certain knowledge of the formation process of“literature”,“literariness”and“literary institution”both in China and the West in the 20th century,then the question of what kind of“literature”a“literary theory”should include is not self-evident.Literature is a modern concept,a modernized concept,and the“modernity”or“modernization”means the“scientific”division of the object world.In the wave of the modernization,aesthetics has become an independent or autonomous field,an island far away from the whole society and all sciences.But this inward aestheticization movement(e.g.aestheticism)is actually companied with an outward aestheticization movement(e.g.aestheticization of daily life).Although it cannot be regarded that the latter has completely replaced the former,it can be argued that the purity of the aesthetic has no longer existed at the factual level.This new shift in aesthetic facts is forcefully urging us to redefine“literature”and“literariness”,to re-examine the essential object of“literary theory”,and especially to recognize the inventive nature of this object.As a result,“Literary theory without literature”came into being,and it aims at redefining and asserting the social nature of literary theory,adjusting the structural relationship between literariness and non-literariness within literary texts,and opening up a new theoretical path form the national literature to the world literature.

关 键 词：文学性 非文学性 文学文化学 解释学 “没有文学的文学理论” 

分 类 号：I02[文学—文学理论]