现代汉语程度副词“很”的来源及演变  

The Origin and Evolution of the Degree Adverb Hen(很)in Modern Chinese

作　　者：汪航 葛平平 WANG Hang;GE Ping-ping(Center for Studies of History of Chinese Language/School of Literature,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058,China;Center for East Asian Linguistic Research,School of Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences,Nanjing Jiangsu 210037,China;School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Nanjing Forestry University,Paris 75007,France)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学汉语史研究中心/文学院,杭州310058 [2]南京林业大学人文社会科学学院,南京210037 [3]法国社会科学高等研究院东亚语言研究所,法国巴黎75007

出　　处：《语言研究》2024年第3期38-50,共13页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“汉语情态与体的同现限制研究”(23BYY042);中国国家留学基金(202306320033、202308320194);法国国立研究机构(ANR)资助项目“中国北方语言接触——历史和类型学视角”(LCNC);江苏高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目“汉藏语句法变价的类型学研究”(2022SJYB0131);浙江省大学生科技创新活动计划暨新苗人才计划(2024R401163);浙江大学博士研究生学术新星培养计划(2023001)。

摘　　要：现代汉语程度副词“很”来源于元代北方汉语与蒙古语的语言接触。现代汉语程度副词“很”的前身是元代的程度副词“哏”。元亡之后,因语言政策制约,程度副词“哏”在明代书面文献中消失,但其用法长期保留于北方汉语底层口语中,在少数文献中以“狠”的面貌出现。清中期以后,由于语言明确性的要求,文字功能开始分化,出现程度副词“很”,逐渐取代“狠”为专职程度副词。现代汉语程度副词“很”经历了不同的字形变化,元代为“哏”,明代为“狠”,清中后期“很”和“狠”混用,最终在现代汉语中“很”专职担任程度副词。This article demonstrates that the modern Chinese degree adverb hen(很)originated from the language contact between northern Chinese and Mongolian in the Yuan(元)Dynasty,and its predecessor was the degree adverb hen(哏).Due to language policy restrictions in the Ming(明)Dynasty,the degree adverb hen(哏)disappeared in the official written documents,but its usage has long remained in the low-level slang of northern Chinese.It appeared as hen(狠)in a few written documents,and revived in the middle and late Qing(清)Dynasty.Because of the requirement of language clarity,the function of characters began to differentiate,and the degree adverb hen(很)appeared,gradually replacing hen(狠)as a full-time degree adverb.The modern Chinese degree adverb hen(很)has undergone different character forms,from hen(哏)in the Yuan(元)Dynasty to hen(狠)in the Ming(明)Dynasty,and then to the mixed use of hen(狠)and hen(很)in the middle and late Qing(清)Dynasty.Finally,hen(很)becomes a full-time adverb of degree in modern Chinese.

关 键 词：程度副词 “很” 语言接触 语言政策 历时演变 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]