资料之学与方法之学:中国民间文学学科知识生产理路及检视  

Informatics and Methodology:The Theoretical Approach to and Reflections on Knowledge Production of Chinese Folk Literature

作　　者：漆凌云[1] QI Lingyun

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学文学与新闻学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《民俗研究》2024年第4期66-77,158,共13页Folklore Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“《中国民间故事集成》的知识生产研究”(项目编号:20BZW200)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：百余年来,中国民间文学学人立足浩瀚的典籍文献、鲜活的口头传统和多元一体的文化底色,在以西释中、中西对话、古今互通的知识生产过程中产生了历史演进法、三重证据法、类型文化学、民间叙事生命树、全观诗学、神话主义、传说动力学等研究范式,夯实了中国民间文学的学科体系。从资料之学和方法之学反思20世纪八九十年代民间文学学科从契机变危机的发展历程,有助于推进未来民间文学学科建设。资料之学的成绩集中体现在“中国民间文学三套集成”的编纂上;方法之学呈现为丰富多元,以西释中式成果居多。未来中国民间文学学科建设,应立足民间文学学科本位,强化学科理论的创新性、系统性和反思性,建立以“以中国民间文学为方法”的学科体系。Over the past hundred years,Chinese folk literature scholars have developed research paradigms such as the historical-evolutionary method,the triple-evidence method,type culturology,the life tree of folk narrative,holistic poetics,mythologism,and the legends dynamics in the process of knowledge production involving the interpretation of Chinese folk literature in Western terms,dialogue between China and the West,and between ancient and the modern.Their studies,based on vast classics,vivid oral traditions,and the cultural background of pluralistic integration,have consolidated the discipline system of Chinese folk literature.Reflecting on the development course of folk literature from the opportunity to crisis in the 1980s and 1990s from informatics and methodology will help to promote the discipline construction of folk literature in the future.The achievements of informatics are centered on the compilation of three collections of Chinese folk literature,while the study methods are rich in diversity,with a significant proportion of the results being in the form of Western interpretations of Chinese texts.For the future development of Chinese folk literature,we should establish a discipline system “using Chinese folk literature as a method”,based on the discipline's characteristics,and the reinforcement of the innovative,systematic,and reflective nature of academic theories.

关 键 词：民间文学学科 学科危机 资料之学 方法之学 研究范式 学科体系 

分 类 号：I207.7[文学—中国文学]