基于多层次客流需求的高铁列车谱系结构优化设计  

Structure optimization of high-speed railway train product spectrums based on multi-level passenger demand

作　　者：王汝心 聂磊[1,2] 付慧伶 佟璐[1,2] WANG Ruxin;NIE Lei;FU Huiing;TONG Lu(Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学智慧高铁系统前沿科学中心,北京100044 [2]北京交通大学交通运输学院,北京100044

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第7期2581-2591,共11页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2022JBQY005);国家自然科学基金“青年基金”资助项目(72001021);国家自然科学基金“联合基金”资助项目(U2368212);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(K2023X031);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划-重大课题(K2023X047);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划-系统性重大项目(P2023X029)。

摘　　要：高速铁路的高质量服务特性激发了大量不同类型旅客的多样化出行需求。当前铁路旅客列车开行数量日益增多,但提供的客运产品分类较少,列车谱系化特征不明显,难以适应旅客的多样性需求。设计具有显性差异特征的铁路客运产品,满足不同类型旅客在经济、快捷、方便、舒适等方面的异质性出行需求,实现铁路客流分类与产品分类的高效匹配,对新时代铁路旅客运输发展具有重要意义。结合当前我国高速铁路网列车开行结构现状,并考虑路网中各线路具有不同的资源、能力、客流特征,基于铁路客运产品谱系化思想和发展趋势,从列车停站模式、旅速、运距、频率几个维度将既有列车种类进一步拓展划分为11类谱系,分析多层次旅客对谱系列车的选择,运用整数规划并结合客流分配技术,构建决策各线路区段上从11类谱系中选择列车开行种类、范围和数量的列车谱系结构优化模型,达到客流类型与列车谱系结构之间的有效匹配。以我国部分高铁路网为例开展案例研究,研究结果表明:优化后的列车开行结构明显改善,各高铁线路上列车谱系结构差异化分布特征明显;不同层次客流旅速、列车谱系和客流层次对应、列车客座率、“车-流”运距比等指标均表现出较好的“车-流”匹配效果。在高铁列车大规模成网运营条件下,研究结果可为设计具有谱系特征的列车产品提供方法和技术指导。The high-quality service of high-speed railways can stimulate the diverse travel demand of a large number and different types of passengers.The current number of railway passenger trains increases rapidly,but the classification of train products is limited,with many trains lacking clear spectrum,making it difficult to adapt to the diverse passenger travel demand.Designing railway passenger train products with explicit differences,meeting the huge and heterogeneous travel demand of different types of passengers in terms of economy,speed,convenience,comfort,etc.,achieving the efficient match between passenger types and train product classification,were of great significance for the development of railway passenger transportation in the new era.Under the trend of railway passenger train products needing to form clear spectrums,considering the current status of train operation in China high-speed railway network,the different resources,capacity,and passenger flow characteristics possessed by each line in the network,the existing train products were further expanded and divided into 11 categories according to train stopping pattern,travel speed,travel distance,and frequency.With the analysis of multi-level passengers selecting trains in different spectrums,an integer programming model is constructed to optimize the structure of trains including types,zones,and the number of trains on each railway line which were selected from the pre-categorized 11 train product spectrums.As passenger flow assignment was incorporated,the model aimed to achieve an effective match between passenger types and train product spectrums.Taking a high-speed railway network in China as a case study,the research results indicate that the optimized structure of operated trains is significantly improved,and the train product spectrum on each high-speed railway line differs obviously.Indicators perform good matching effect which include travel speed of different levels of passengers,correspondence between train product spectrums and passenger type

关 键 词：高速铁路 客流需求 谱系结构 整数规划模型 “车-流”匹配 

分 类 号：U293[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]