学前儿童亲社会行为策略探索:社会认知和家庭环境的影响  

Examining Prosocial Behavioral Strategies in Preschool Children:The Impact of Social Cognition and Family Environment

作　　者：谢文澜 赵殷樱 王永明[3] 曲方炳 江柠柠 Xie Wenlan;Zhao Yinying;Wang Yongming;Qu Fangbing;Jiang Ningning(Research Department,Ningbo Preschool Teachers College,Ningbo 315000;Danfeng Kindergarten,Binjiang District,Hangzhou 310051;School of Basic Medical Sciences,Medical College of Soochow University,Suzhou 215123;School of Early Childhood Education,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048;Ningbo Eastern New City Central Kindergarten,Ningbo 315100)

机构地区：[1]宁波幼儿师范高等专科学校科研处,宁波315000 [2]杭州市滨江区丹枫幼儿园,杭州310051 [3]苏州大学苏州医学院基础医学院,苏州215123 [4]首都师范大学学前教育学院,北京100048 [5]宁波市东部新城中心幼儿园,宁波315100

出　　处：《心理学探新》2024年第3期248-256,共9页Psychological Exploration

基　　金：2024年度浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题(24NDQN138YBM);浙江省国内访问学者“教师专业发展项目”(FX2023188)。

摘　　要：通过125名3.25~6.25岁儿童在改编独裁者博弈任务、错误信念任务、情绪理解等任务中的表现,以及相关问卷结果来评估儿童的亲社会行为策略、社会认知能力(心理理论和情绪理解),以及家庭环境(社会经济地位和家庭子女数量),并采用贝叶斯网络对上述数据进行分析。结果发现,随着年龄的增长,儿童采取的行为策略从自利向互惠(公平)、慷慨转变;社会认知能力越强,儿童越倾向于采用互惠、慷慨策略;家庭环境通过社会认知因素影响儿童亲社会行为策略。上述结论有助于理解早期亲社会行为的发生和维持,以及内在认知机制和外在环境因素如何作用于亲社会行为的发展变化。Prosocial behavioral strategies,social cognitive abilities(theory of mind and emotional understanding),and family environment factors(socio-economic status and number of siblings)were examined in 125 children aged 3.25 to 6.25 years.Assessments were conducted using the Adapted Dictator Game Task,the False Beliefs Task,and the Emotional Understanding Task,along with relevant questionnaires.Data were analyzed utilizing Bayesian networks.Results revealed a developmental shift in children’s behavioral strategies from self-interest towards reciprocity(fairness)and generosity with age.Additionally,higher levels of social cognitive ability correlated with increased tendencies towards reciprocity and generosity.Furthermore,family environment exerted an influence on children’s prosocial behavioral strategies via social cognitive mechanisms.These findings contribute to our understanding of the emergence and persistence of early prosocial behaviors,shedding light on the interplay between intrinsic cognitive processes and extrinsic environmental factors in their development.

关 键 词：心理理论 情绪理解 公平 互惠 慷慨 

分 类 号：B848[哲学宗教—心理学]