基于宏基因组测序的北京市部分零售预包装冷藏膳食微生物污染状况分析  

Analysis on microbial contamination of some retail packaged refrigerated ready-to-eat foods in Beijing City based on metagenomic sequencing

作　　者：张鹏航 张晓嫒[1] 刘玉竹 陆峥[1] 马晓晨[1] 陈倩[1] ZHANG Penghang;ZHANG Xiaoai;LIU Yuzhu;LU Zheng;MA Xiaochen;CHEN Qian(Nutrition and Food Hygiene Institute,Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing,100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心营养与食品卫生所,北京100013

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第11期1486-1491,共6页Occupation and Health

基　　金：北京市科技计划课题(z201100008920005);首都高层次公共卫生人才建设项目(2022-3-027)。

摘　　要：目的分析北京市部分零售预包装冷藏膳食微生物污染情况以及细菌群落特征。方法2022年7月,从北京市零售环节采集65件预包装冷藏膳食,采用食品微生物检验国家标准方法分别对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌进行计数,对沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌和致泻大肠埃希菌进行分离培养,使用宏基因组测序技术对食品中细菌群落进行注释。结果2件样品大肠埃希菌计数>10 CFU/g,7件样品蜡样芽孢杆菌计数>10^(3)CFU/g,所有样品金黄色葡萄球菌计数均<10 CFU/g。5件样品中分离出单核细胞增生李斯特菌,所有样品中均未分离出沙门菌和致泻大肠埃希菌。使用宏基因组测序注释124个门,621个科,2315个属,11631个物种,发现两类预包装冷藏膳食中大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌的相对丰度分别排在物种层面的第3、23、7、121位和第8、5、13和287位。结论北京市零售预包装冷藏膳食存在致病菌污染,单核细胞增生李斯特菌是微生物控制的重点,传统的培养方法可能低估致病菌的污染状况,结合宏基因组测序技术可以更全面的评估微生物污染状况。Objective To analyze the contamination of pathogenic bacteria and the characteristics of bacterial community in some retail packaged refrigerated ready-to-eat foods in Beijing.Methods In July 2022,65 retail packaged refrigerated ready-to-eat foods were collected in Beijing.Using national standard methods for food microbiological testing,Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,and Bacillus cereus were counted,and Salmonella,Listeria monocytogenes and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli were isolated and cultured.The macrogenomic sequencing was used to annotate the bacterial communities in food.Results Two samples had Escherichia coli counts>10 CFU/g,seven samples had Bacillus cereus counts>103 CFU/g,and all samples had Staphylococcus aureus counts<10 CFU/g.Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from five samples,while Salmonella and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli were not isolated.Using metagenomic sequencing to annotate 124 phyla,621 families,2315 genera,and 11631 species,it was found that the relative abundance of Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Listeria monocytogenes,and Bacillus cereus in two types of packaged refrigerated ready-to-eat foods ranked 3rd,23th,7th,121th,and 8th,5th,13th,287th on the species level,respectively.Conclusion The retail packaged refrigerated ready-to-eat foods in Beijing have pathogenic bacterial contamination,and Listeria monocytogenes is a key focus for prevention and control.The traditional cultivation methods may underestimate the contamination status of pathogenic bacteria,and combined with metagenomic sequencing technology,microbial contamination can be more comprehensively evaluated.

关 键 词：预包装冷藏膳食 致病菌污染 宏基因组测序 

分 类 号：R117[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]