京港高铁万安隧道音爆现象分析及缓解措施研究  

Sonic Boom and Alleviated Measurements in Wan′an Tunnel of Beijing-Hong Kong High-Speed Railway

作　　者：马伟斌 温国春 朱华中 韩嘉强 王辰 田经纬 程爱君 MA Weibin;WEN Guochun;ZHU Huazhong;HAN Jiaqiang;WANG Chen;TIAN Jingwei;CHENG Aijun(Railway Engineering Research Institution,China Academy of Railway Science Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;China Railway Nanchang Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanchang 330000,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所,北京100081 [2]中国铁路南昌局集团公司,江西南昌330000

出　　处：《隧道建设（中英文）》2024年第7期1431-1439,共9页Tunnel Construction

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(P2021T013)。

摘　　要：列车运营速度不断提高容易引发高速铁路长大隧道音爆现象,对洞口声环境及行车秩序造成负面影响,而音爆发生机制及相关空气动力学指标特性尚不明确。基于京港高铁万安隧道实车试验,从音爆产生机制和原因、音爆声波频域特性、压力梯度与微气压波规律展开分析,并结合三维精细化数值仿真增补实车测试工况,针对测试隧道探究不同缓解措施的气动缓解效果。结果表明:1)压缩波在无砟轨道隧道内传播过程中,在非线性效应作用下发生激化,由此诱发了音爆的发生。2)音爆发生时,隧道洞外和洞内的音爆噪声中0~20 Hz的低频段占主要部分。3)列车时速低于300 km时,压缩波在隧道内激化较弱,隧道洞口未出现音爆噪声;当列车时速达到300 km时,压缩波在隧道内激化显著,洞口微气压波幅值较时速250 km时增长近5.5倍,洞口能够监测到明显的音爆噪声。4)对于测试隧道,3种缓冲结构型式缓解措施对于微气压波的缓解效果排序为进、出口同时增设动力学开孔<出口增设动力学开孔<开启3处斜井。The continuous improvement of train operation speed is likely to lead to sonic booms in long tunnels of highspeed railways,negatively impacting the acoustic environment and traffic order at tunnel entrances.However,the mechanism of sonic booms and related aerodynamic index characteristics remain unclear.Based on a real vehicle test conducted in the Wan′an tunnel of the Beijing-Hong Kong high-speed railway,the authors analyze the mechanism and causes of sonic booms,the frequency domain characteristics of the phenomenon,the pressure gradient,and the behavior of micro-pressure waves.A three-dimensional refined numerical simulation supplements the real vehicle test conditions,examining the aerodynamic mitigation effects of various measures for the test tunnel.The results reveal the following:(1)The compression wave intensifies under the nonlinear effect during its propagation in the ballastless track tunnel,leading to the occurrence of sonic booms.(2)When sonic booms occur,the low-frequency band of 0-20 Hz is the main component of the sonic boom noise both outside and inside the tunnel.(3)When the train speed is below 300 km/h,the compression wave intensifies weakly within the tunnel,and no sonic boom noise is detected at the tunnel entrance.However,at a train speed of 300 km/h,the compression wave intensifies significantly in the tunnel,and the amplitude of the micro-pressure wave at the entrance increases nearly 5.5 times compared to that at 250 km/h,resulting in detectable sonic boom noise at the entrance.(4)For the test tunnel,the mitigation effects of three types of buffer structures on micro-pressure waves are ranked as follows:adding dynamic openings at both the inlet and outlet simultaneously<adding dynamic openings at the outlet<opening three inclined shafts.

关 键 词：高速铁路隧道 空气动力学效应 实车测试 压力波 音爆 

分 类 号：U45[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]