从贝塔朗菲的机体论看合成生物学的发展  

Exploring the Development of Synthetic Biology through the Lens of Bertalanffy's Organismic Theory

作　　者：唐兴华 胡翌霖 TANG Xing-hua;HU Yi-lin(Department of the History of Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学科学史系,北京100084

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2024年第6期107-112,共6页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“合成生物学伦理、政策法规框架研究”(2018YFA0902400)。

摘　　要：合成生物学将对生命问题的探索推到新的层面,旨在通过工程学原理,利用“自下而上”和“自上而下”的研究方法,重新理解与设计生命。它冲击传统分析生命的范式,形成了“拆分+整合”的研究方法,开启制造生命的新篇章。然而,这一研究方法并非凭空而来,有其范式传统。它延续了贝塔朗菲机体论的“还原和系统”的方法,将其发展为“拆分+整合”的范式。为了更好地阐明合成生物学的方法论特性及其独特的生命观,需要重新回到贝塔朗菲机体论思想,探索他的机体论思想蕴含的“还原和系统”方法对理解合成生命的启发。此外,他对生命边界的哲学思考和价值关切,也对合成生物学的发展带来启发。The rise of synthetic biology has taken the exploration of the essence of life to a new era.By applying engineering principles and using both“bottom-up”and“top-down”methods,it aims to re-understand and design life.This challenges the traditional“analytical”approach in life science,introducing a“decomposition&integration”method and initiating a new chapter in“build life”.However,this approach did not come out of nowhere,it has a tradition of paradigms.It continues Bertalanffy's organismic approach of“reduction and system”and develops it into a paradigm of the“decomposition&integration”.To better elucidate the methodological characteristics of synthetic biology and its unique conception of life,it is necessary to revisit the Bertalanffy's organism theory and explore how the“reduction and system”method implied in his organism theory can provide insight into understanding synthetic life.Additionally,his philosophical reflections and value concerns on the boundaries of life also provide insights for the development of synthetic biology.

关 键 词：贝塔朗菲 机体论 还原论 “拆分+整合” 合成生物学 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]