青少年运动参与和学校适应的关系:一个有调节的中介模型  

Relationship between adolescent sports participation and school adaptation:Amoderated mediation model

作　　者：隋文泽 胡怡宁 高岩[1] 杨雨柯 赵良瑜 陈璐 SUI Wenze;HU Yining;GAO Yan;YANG Yuke;ZHAO Liangyu;CHEN Lu(School of Physical Education,Shandong University,Jinan 250061,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学体育学院,济南250061

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2024年第8期1249-1254,共6页China Journal of Health Psychology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(编号:21BTY054)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨青少年运动参与对学校适应的影响以及人际关系敏感在二者之间发挥的中介作用以及性别的调节作用,为有效促进青少年学校适应提供参考依据。方法:选取山东省内16个地级市的9504名高中生,采用学校社会适应量表、症状自评量表、运动行为量表进行调查。建构有调节的中介效应模型。结果:女生社会能力及人际关系敏感得分高于男生(t=-6.72,-4.19;P<0.01),男生反社会行为和运动参与得分高于女生(t=12.57,20.29;P<0.01)。运动参与同社会能力(r=0.122)及反社会行为(r=0.095)之间呈正相关,与人际关系敏感(r=-0.144)呈负相关;人际关系敏感与社会能力(r=-0.291)呈负相关,与反社会行为(r=0.340)呈正相关(P<0.01)。人际关系敏感在运动参与和学校适应(社会能力:中介效应值为0.671,95%CI=0.027~0.043;反社会行为:中介效应值为-0.581,95%CI=-0.058~-0.037)之间发挥中介效应。性别在人际关系敏感对学校适应路径起到调节作用(社会能力:β=0.155,P<0.05;反社会行为:β=-0.292,P<0.01)。结论:人际关系敏感在青少年运动参与和学校适应之间发挥中介作用。性别在人际关系敏感与学校适应的关系间起调节作用,并且人际关系敏感与男生学校适应的联系更为紧密。学校和家庭应关注青少年学校适应情况,采取干预措施,保障其健康成长。Objective:To explore the effects of adolescent sports participation on school adaptation and the mediating role played by interpersonal sensitivity between the two and the moderating role of gender,in order to provide a reference basis for effectively promoting adolescent school adaptation.Methods:A total of 9504 high school students from 16 prefecture-level cities within Shandong Province were selected and surveyed using the School Social Behavioral Scale,the Symptom Checklist 90,and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents.Moderated mediated effects modeling was constructed.Results:Girls scored higher than boys in social ability(t=-6.72)and interpersonal sensitivity(t=-4.19),and boys scored higher than girls in antisocial behavior(t=12.57)and sports participation(t=20.29)(P<0.01).Sports participation was positively correlated with social ability(r=0.122)and antisocial behavior(r=0.095),and negatively correlated with interpersonal sensitivity(r=-0.144);interpersonal sensitivity was negatively correlated with social ability(r=-0.291),and positively correlated with antisocial behavior(r=0.340)(P<0.01).Interpersonal sensitivity exerted a mediating effect between sports participation and school adaptation(social ability:mediating effect value of 0.671,95%CI=0.027 to 0.043;Antisocial behavior:Mediating effect value of-0.581,95%CI=-0.058 to-0.037).Gender played a moderating role in interpersonal sensitivity on school adaptation pathways(social ability:β=0.155,P<0.05;antisocial behavior:β=-0.292,P<0.01).Conclusion:Interpersonal sensitivity mediates the relationship between adolescent sports participation and school adaptation.Gender moderates the relationship between interpersonal sensitivity and school adaptation,and interpersonal sensitivity is more strongly associated with boys'school adaptation.Schools and families should pay attention to adolescents'school adaptation and take intervention measures to ensure their healthy growth.

关 键 词：青少年 运动参与 学校适应 社会能力 反社会行为 人际关系敏感 

分 类 号：R395.9[哲学宗教—心理学] B844.2[医药卫生—医学心理学]