美国红仁核桃及其油脂营养品质评价  

Evaluation of Nutritional Quality of American Red-Kernel Walnut(Robert livermore)and Its Oil

作　　者：朱振宝[1] 张芳[1] 段屹帆 董兆斌 王根宪 Zhu Zhenbao;Zhang Fang;Duan Yifan;Dong Zhaobin;Wang Genxian(School of Food science and Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710021;Shangluo Shengda Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Luonan 726100)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学食品科学与工程学院,西安710021 [2]商洛盛大实业股份有限公司,洛南726100

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2024年第7期166-174,共9页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划一般项目(2022NY-007);国家自然科学基金项目(31671888)。

摘　　要：为了系统评价美国红仁核桃及其油脂的营养品质及特性,以传统栽培品种“西洛3号”作为对照,分别测定两种核桃的主要营养成分、氨基酸和矿质元素的组成和含量,分析核桃油的脂肪酸含量和组成,比较脂质伴随物VE、植物甾醇和多酚含量,测定油脂质量指标。结果表明:美国红仁核桃的粗脂肪质量分数为(50.40±0.72)%和粗蛋白质量分数(19.60±0.56)%,均显著高于西洛核桃(P<0.05),前者谷氨酸、精氨酸和天冬氨酸含量也显著高于后者,分别为(166.24±0.26)、(94.10±2.91)、(86.26±1.94)mg/g,2种核桃矿质元素含量相近;美国红仁核桃内种皮总酚[(727.08±0.24)mg/g]、总黄酮[(57.67±0.02)mg/g]和花色苷[(1.21±0.55)mg/g]含量均显著高于西洛核桃种皮(P<0.05);美国红仁核桃油中亚油酸含量[(67.78±0.01)%]显著高于西洛核桃油,前者多不饱和脂肪酸质量分数[(76.74±0.20)%]也显著高于后者(P<0.05),但前者的总VE质量分数[(169.88±0.12)mg/kg]、总植物甾醇质量分数[(2095.06±2.26)mg/kg]和多酚质量分数[(30.93±0.01)mg/g]都略低于西洛核桃油。红仁核桃油皂化值(171.78 mg KOH/g)、过氧化值(3.94 mmol/kg)、酸价(0.91mg/g)、茴香胺值(1.95)和羰基价(0.83 mmol/kg)均比西洛核桃油的低。美国红仁核桃富含脂肪和蛋白质,种皮颜色鲜红,富含多酚、黄酮和花色苷类物质,其亚油酸含量高于其他常见核桃品种,ω-6和ω-3系脂肪酸的比值更为合理,为核桃品种改良提供了良好的种质资源。To evaluate the nutritional quality characteristics of American red-kernel walnut and its oil,in this paper,traditional cultivated variety“Xiluo 3”was taken as control to determinate the composition and content of the main nutritional components,amino acids and mineral elements of the two kinds of walnuts.At the same time,the composition and content of fatty acids,VE,phytosterols,polyphenol content and oil quality index of walnut oil were also determined.The results indicated that the crude fat(50.40±0.72)%and crude protein content(19.60±0.56)%of red kernel walnut were significantly higher than those of Silo walnut(P<0.05),the content of glutamic acid,arginine and Aspartic acid in the former were also significantly higher than those in the latter,being(166.24±0.26),(94.10±2.91)mg/g and(86.26±1.94)mg/g,respectively,the mineral element content of the two walnuts was similar;the content of total phenols[(727.08±0.24)mg/g],total flavonoids[(57.67±0.02)mg/g]and anthocyanins[(1.21±0.55)mg/g]in the inner seed coat of red kernel walnut were significantly higher than those in the seed coat of Xiluo walnut(P<0.05);the content of linoleic acid(67.78±0.01)%in red kernel walnut oil was significantly higher than that in Xiluo walnut oil,and the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid[(76.74±0.20)%]in the former was also significantly higher than that in the latter(P<0.05),however,the content of total VE[(169.88±0.12)mg/kg],total phytosterol[(2095.06±2.26)mg/kg]and polyphenol[(30.93±0.01)mg/g]in the former were slightly lower than that in Xiluo walnut oil.The saponification value(171.78 mg KOH/g),peroxide value(3.94 mmol/kg),acid value(0.91 mg/g),anisidine value(1.95)and carbonyl value(0.83 mmol/kg)of red kernel walnut oil were lower and higher than those of Xiluo walnut oil.Red walnut was rich in fat and protein,its seed coat was bright red and rich in polyphenols,flavonoids and anthocyanins.Its Linoleic acid content was higher than that of other common walnut varieties,The ratio ofω-6 andω-3 series fatty acid

关 键 词：美国红仁核桃 脂肪酸 氨基酸 生育酚 植物甾醇 品质评价 

分 类 号：TS222.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程] TQ646[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]