“刚■”的音义探析  

The Phonetics and Semantics of Gang(刚■)

作　　者：张丽 赵日新 Zhang Li;Zhao Rixin

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学语言科学院,北京100083

出　　处：《语言研究集刊》2024年第1期173-187,M0008,M0009,共17页Bulletin of Linguistic Studies

摘　　要：明清以来的文献、汉语方言著作中不难见到副词“刚”写为“将”的现象,现代汉语方言口语也有把“刚”读成“将”的。通过对副词“刚”“将”语义演变过程的梳理和对读音演变规律的讨论,文章得出结论:副词“刚”在明代以前就具备了比较稳固的音义地位,不会演化为将来时,其自身不会与“将_(~来)”相混。“将_(~来)”在清代及以前没有演化出近过去义和“恰好”“仅仅/只”义,“刚”作为一个多义副词,其在清代中期前后受到腭化趋势的影响而产生了细音读法,在不分尖团的方言中恰与“将_(~来)”同音,进而在文献和口语中“刚”误用为“将”,并迅速以词汇扩散的形式发展壮大,而分尖团以及无所谓尖团音的方言里,“刚”“将”少有或没有混用的情况。We often see the phenomenon that the adverb gang(刚)was always written as jiang(将)in the literature and Chinese dialect writings since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.In many spoken Chinese dialects,gang(刚J)is always said as jiang(将).Through the analysis of the semantic evolution process of gang(刚),jiang(将)and the discussion of the phonetic evolution rules,the conclusion of this article is that the adverb gang(刚)had a relatively stable phonetic and semantic position before the Ming Dynasty,and would not evolve into jiang(将,the future)and would not be confused with jiang(将,the future)itself.Before Qing Dynasty,jiang(将)did not evolve into a near past meaning or a"just/only".gang(刚)was influenced by the palatalization trend before and after the mid Qing Dynasty and developed a fine pronunciation,it happened to be homophonic with jiang(将)in some dialects without distinguishing between jiantuan voice(尖团),leading to the misuse of gang(刚)and jiang(将,the future)in literature and spoken language,and quickly developed and expanded,however,in dialects with jiantuan voice(尖团)contradiction and non jiantuan voice(尖团),there is lttle or no mixing of gang(刚)and jiang(将).

关 键 词：将 刚 语法化 音变 尖团音 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语] H11